GR AIN-WEE VILS. 
83 
The true grain-weevil or wheat-weevil of Europe, Calan- 
dra (^Sitojjhilas') granaria^ or Carculio granarim of Linnseus, 
in its perfected state is a slender beetle of a pitchy-red color, 
about one eighth of an inch long, with a slender snout slightly 
bent downwards, a coarsely punctured and very long thorax, 
constituting almost one half the length of the whole body, 
and wing-covers that are furrowed and do not entirely cover 
the tip of the abdomen. This little insect, both in the beetle 
and gi’ub state, devours stored wheat and other grains, and 
often commits much havoc in granaries and brewhouses. Its 
powers of multiplication are very great, for it is stated that 
a single pair of these destroyers may produce above ■ six 
thousand descendants in one year. The female deposits her 
eggs upon the wheat after it is housed, and the young grubs 
hatched therefrom immediately burrow into the wheat, each 
individual occupying alone a single grain, the substance of 
which it devours, so as often to leave nothing but the hull; 
and this destruction goes on Avithin while no external ap¬ 
pearance leads to its discovery, and the loss of weight is 
the only evidence of the mischief that has been done to the 
grain. In due time the grubs undergo their transformations, 
and come out of the hulls, in the beetle state, to lay their 
eggs for another brood. These insects are effectually de¬ 
stroyed by kiln-drying the wheat; and grain that is kept 
cool, Avell ventilated, and is frequently moved, is said to be 
exempt from attack. 
Rice is attacked by an insect closely resembling the wheat- 
weevil, from Avhich, however, it is distinguished by having 
two large red spots on each Aving-cover; it is also some- 
Avhat smaller, measuring only about one tenth of an inch 
in length, exclusive of the snout. This beetle, the Calan- 
dra (^Sitophilus) Onjzce^^ or rice-AA^eevil (Plate II. Fig. 8), 
is not entirely confined to rice, but depredates upon Avheat, 
and also on Indian corn. In the Southern States it is called 
the black weevil^ to distinguish it from other insects that in- 
* Curculio Oryzce of Linnaeus. 
