282 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
on the hind wings a curved black bani. It expands from 
tliree to three and a half inches. The caterpillar lives on 
the poplar and willow ; it is of a pale brown color, more or 
less variesated with white on the sides, and sometimes with 
green on the back; the head is notched on the top; there is 
a hump on the second segment, from which proceed two 
Fig. 109. 
slender blackish horns, barbed on all sides with little points ; 
the third, fourth, and fifth segments are also somewhat 
humped above, and on the tenth and eleventh are short tu¬ 
bercles. It suspends itself by the hind feet, before chang¬ 
ing to a chrysalis. The latter is angular, and tapers towards 
the tail; it is of a pale brown or ashen-gray color, with the 
sides of the back and the extremity of the body whitish ; 
and there is a thin almost circular projection standing verti¬ 
cally on its edge on the middle of the back. The butterfly 
appears in September, and lays its eggs for a second brood 
of caterpillars, which are transformed to chrysalids in the 
autumn, and remain without further change till the following 
spring, when they are changed to butterflies. 
The genus Nymphalis ^ is readily distinguished by the 
following characters. Four-footed butterflies, with a long 
straight and slender knob to the anteiniiP, the edges of the 
o ^ o 
* The name Liraenitis, tinder which I formerly included our species, is now 
appropriated by Dr. Boisduval to certain butterflies of the eastern continent, such 
as the Camilla^ &c. 
