THE HIPP ARCHIANS. 
303 
abundant in tlie northwestern part of the State and in New 
Hampshire. It appears in May, and again in July and Au¬ 
gust. The caterpillars live together on the common nettle. 
They vary in color, some being much darker than others ; 
generally, however, they are pale brown, minutely dotted 
with yellowish white, with a dark brown longitudinal line on 
the top of the back, a whitish one on each side just above 
the feet, and above this a row of brown spots; the head is 
small, black, and rough, with little black and white tuber¬ 
cles ; the spines are blackish, short, and with very small 
branches or lateral bristles. It measures when fully grown 
an inch and a quarter or more in length, the chrysalis is pale 
brown with golden spots, the top of the head Avidely but not 
deeply notched, and the nose-like prominence AX‘ry small. 
The last of the four-footed butterflies remainino; to be de- 
scribed may be called Hipparchians (^Hijjparchiadoe^. The 
wings of the butterflies belonging to this group are entire, 
with the A^eins of the first pair swelled at their origin, and 
the central mesh of the second pair closed behind. Their 
caterpillars are not spiny, and are of a green color, spindle- 
shaped, or cylindrical, tapering at both ends, Avith the hinder 
extremity notched or terminating in two conical points, and 
the head is either rounded or notched above. They liA^e 
extlusiA^ely on A^arious kinds of grasses, for the most part 
concealing themselves during the day among the stubble, 
and suspend themselves by the hindmost feet alone Avhen 
about to transform. 
The chrysalis is either oblong and someAvhat angular at 
the sides, Avith the head notched and two roAvs of pointed 
tubercles on the back, or short and rounded, Avith the head 
obtuse; but never ornamented with metallic spots. The 
small size and uniformly green color of the caterpillars of 
our native species, and the obscurity in AAdiich they gener¬ 
ally live, render it very difflcult to disco\‘er them; and 
hence they rarely pass under our observation. This being 
