470 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
der the trees, in the autumn, with the hope of crushing some 
of the chrysalids by so doing, and of exposing others to 
perish with the cold of the following winter. If hogs are 
then allowed to go among the trees, and a few grains of 
corn are scattered on the loosened soil, these animals Avill 
eat many of the chrysalids as ■v^ell as the corn, and will 
crush others with their feet. Mr. S. P. Fowler* thinks 
it better to dig around the trees in July, while the shells 
of the insects are soft and tender. He and Mr. John Ken- 
rick, of Xewton, Mass., advise us to remove the soil to the 
distance of four or five feet from the trunk of the trees, 
and to the depth of six inches, to cart it away and replace 
it with an equal quantity of compost or rich earth. In 
this way, many of the insects will be removed also; hut 
unless the earth, thus carried aw^ay, is thrown into some 
pond-hole, and left covered with water, many of the insects 
contained in it wdll undergo their transformations and come 
out alive the next year. 
Canker-worms are subject to the attacks of many enemies. 
Great numbers of them are devoured by several kinds of 
birds, which live almost entirely upon them during their 
season. They are also eaten 
by a very large and splendid 
ground-beetle ( Calosoma scru¬ 
tator)^ (Fig* 234,) that ap¬ 
pears about the time when 
these insects begin to leave the 
trees. These beetles do not 
fly, but they run about in the 
gi’ass after the canker-worms, 
and even mount upon the 
trunks of the trees to seize 
them as they come down. 
The potter-wasp (JEumenes 
* See Yankee Farmer of July 18, 1840, and New England Farmer of June 2, 
1841, for some valuable remarks by Mr. Fowler, 
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