480 
LEPIDOPTEEA. 
enough to enable us to group the insects together under 
family names. 
The caterpillars of some of our largest species are found 
on the ends of the branches of various trees and bushes, in 
nests, made of the young leaves drawn together in bunches, 
and fastened with threads. In the middle of these nests 
the caterpillars live, either singly, or in companies of several 
individuals too;ether. Nests of this kind, containino- a lariie 
number of caterpillars, may often be seen on oak-trees in 
the summer. The chrysalids force their way partly out of 
the nests by the help of the transverse rows of prickles on 
their backs, when the moths are about to make their escape. 
The moths resemble in form and general appearance those 
of another species, the caterpillars of which live singly in 
much smaller nests, on apple-trees and rose-bushes. Early 
in May, or soon after the buds of the apple-tree begin to 
open, these little caterpillars begin their labors. They curl 
up and fasten together the small and tender leaves that 
supply them both with shelter and food ; and in this way, 
they often do considerable damage to the trees. These 
caterpillars are sometimes of a pale green color, with the 
head and the top of the first ring brownish; and sometimes 
the whole body is brownish or dull flesh-red; they are rough 
to the touch, with minute warts, each of which produces 
a very short hair, invisible to the naked eye. They come 
to their full size towards the middle of June, and then 
measure nearly or quite half an inch in length. After 
this, they line the inner surface of the curled leaves com¬ 
posing their nests with a web of silk, and are then changed 
to chrysalids of a dark brown color. Towards the end of 
June, or early in July, the chrysalis pushes itself half-way 
out of its nest, and bursts open at the upper end, so that 
the moth may come out. The moth closely resembles the 
Lozotcenia* ojporaiia of Europe, but differs from it in having 
* This word was probably an error of the press in the “ Catalogue ” of Mr. 
Stephens, by whom the genus was proposed. It has, however, been copied in 
