344 
STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY 
porates the Chester section in his Iowa scheme, shutfles names 
somewhat, reads a paper on the theme a few weeks later before 
the Albany Institute, and hurries into print.® Without material 
changes this scheme appears in the following year in his Iowa 
report.® At the same time taking advantage of Swallow’s mis¬ 
take in referring the basal sandstone of the Coal Measures to the 
St. Louis formation. Hall designates the sandstone, afterwards 
called the Aux Vases sandstone, by Swallow’s title, the Ferrugi¬ 
nous Sandstone. In this procedure probably lurks much of the 
later confusion. 
Worthen’s versions of the discovery of a superior member of the 
Subcarboniferous section and his claims to priority in the matter 
of naming are not without important testimony in other directions. 
Two other very active workers are also in this field. On the very 
day, in the late Autumn of 1853, that Worthen, at the instance of 
Norwood, is parading down the east side of the Mississippi River, 
opposite Ste. Genevieve, Shumard, in company with Doctor Lit¬ 
ton, is treking northward on the west bank, and reaching Ste. 
Genevieve village by the Plank Road from Iron Mountain.'^ 
Early in the following season Shumard carefully constructs a 
detailed cross-section of the rocks exposed along the Mississippi 
River. Below Ste. Genevieve he finds a heavy sandstone, now 
known as the Aux Vases sandstone, overlaid by an Archimedes 
limestone. The next year he half completes a detailed report on 
the Geology of Ste. Genevieve County, which, was not published 
until after his death 15 years later. However, he now adopts 
the Hall nomenclature, recognizes the upper Archimedes limestone 
as the Kaskaskia limestone, and designates the heavy sandstone 
as Hall’s Ferruginous sandstone. 
Still another investigator recognizes the true sequence of for¬ 
mations at this time in this region. Dr. D. D. Owen, is making 
observations in Kentucky. In the course of his observations in 
1854 and 1855 he finds that an Archimedes, or Pentremital, lime¬ 
stone superposes the Lithostrotion, or St. Louis, limestone.® Not¬ 
withstanding Hall’s great haste in announcing this great discovery 
Owen precedes him by a full year. It seems possible that it was 
5 Am. Jour. Sci., (1), Vol. XXIII, p. 190, 1857. 
6 Geology of Iowa, Vol. I, p. 109, 1858. 
7 Missouri Geol. Surv., 1st and 2nd Ann. Repts., p. 25, 1855. 
8 Kentucky Geol. Surv., 1854-5, p. 81, 1856. 
