STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY 
345 
really Owen, and not Worthen, who, contrary to general opinion 
of a later day, first comes to the conclusion that there existed a 
supra-St. Louis limestone of Subcarboniferous age. Once sur¬ 
mised the fact no doubt was widely discussed among western 
geologists of that day, and it became a foregone conclusion a 
considerable time before any notice of it appeared in print. Dis¬ 
pite the precipitate haste displayed by Hall, Owen easily out¬ 
distances'him. 
With the publication of Hall’s scheme in the American Journal 
of Science and in the Geology of Iowa the title Kaskaskia Lime¬ 
stone comes to be generally used for Pentremital Limestone, and 
whenever this limestone was present Swallow’s name Ferruginous 
Sandstone was adopted for the sandstone beneath, instead of in 
the original sense for what later proved to be really the basal 
sandstone of the Coal Measures. ' 
Shumard completed his mapping and reporting of Ste. Genevieve 
County in the summer of 1858, just before resigning from the 
Missouri Survey to assume his duties as State Geologist of Texas.® 
Owing to the political exigencies of the time and the approach 
of Civil War printing of the report was delayed a decade and a 
half, until the Survey was revived under Pumpelly.^® Shumard 
follows the Hall nomenclature, using the title Kaskaskia for the 
Pentermital limestone of his earlier work; and Hall’s Ferruginous 
sandstone for the underlying massive sandstone so finely displayed 
at the mouth of the Riviere aux Vases. 
Swallow’s title Ferruginous Sandstone was widely misappro¬ 
priated. Originally proposed to designate the basal sandstone of 
the Coal Measures in localities where the latter immediately 
succeeded the St. Louis limestone, the term soon lost its first mean¬ 
ing. Whether Hall deliberately purloined the name and gave it 
an entirely different signification, after a fashion that was not 
wholly unfamiliar to him, or whether he really was unwittingly 
in error in his correlations, it is certain that the great weight of 
his authority soon made the new usage general. When I became 
connected with the Missouri Geological Survey, first as Chief 
Geologist, in 1891, and afterwards as Director, in 1894, Swallow’s 
name was restricted so as to refer solely to the sandstone separat- 
• 9 Missouri Geol. Surv., Fourth Ann. Kept. Prog., Twentieth Gen. Assembly, 1st 
Sess., App. to Jour., p. 101, 1859. 
10 Missouri Geol. Surv., Kept., 1855-71, p. 290, 1873. 
