362 
GLACIAL BORDER OF SPOKANE 
the greater aridity of the former, the Palouse Soils covering the 
greater part of the surface of both. 
Whether glaciation of northeastern Washington occured in 
two, three, or four epochs must be determined by further work 
than has yet been done on the separation of the traces which 
are left. 
Beginning with a possible Kansan glaciation, Leverett calls es¬ 
pecial attention to a bed of clay, in the brick-yard at Cheney, 18 
miles southwest of Spokane. The appearance there is that of a 
till of great age. However, it seems that before there is unquali¬ 
fied acceptance of its antiquity, further corroborative evidences 
must be found. While it is true that the lateral moraine of a 
later ice-invasion is distant only'a few hundred yards further east 
than this appearance of ancient till, yet it is not impossible that 
this supposed Kansan drift was produced by compacting Palouse 
soil under a weight of ice of the later period, and the natural 
mingling therewith of pebbles and boulders borne by this ice-mass. 
Extending north from Moran Mountain, just east of Glen- 
rose, and a short distance southeast of Spokane, is a ridge of 
gneiss thinly covered with residual soil which in a distant view 
. gives an impression of an ice-swept hill. This impression is 
strengthened by the fact that although it has been entirely sur¬ 
rounded by forest, the ridge itself appears always to have been 
without trees. Ifi its appearance is due to glaciation no trace 
remains of morainic materials either on the slopes of the hill, 
or against the base of the mountain toward which the ice must 
have moved. Sufficient remoteness in time might account for 
removal of traces of the morainic materials. This hill lies about 
a mile east of the eastern border of the great ice-lobe. This im¬ 
pression is mentioned not because it offers anything tangible, but 
with the hope that some keener investigator may find here a clue 
to unquestioned evidence of a more remote glacial period. For 
the present the case of Kansan glaciation must rest on Leverett’s 
single observation at Cheney. 
Of the great glaciation of the region sufficient evidence is now 
accumulated so that one may speak with considerable confidence. 
Although Campbell describes a glacier reaching to Spokane from 
the east, by the way of the valley of the Spokane River, and the 
