GLACIAL DRIFTS IX MINNESOTA 
399 
up to Long Prairie the valley of the Mississippi River was obliter¬ 
ated and apparently never afterwards used. At the Pine Bend, the 
outwash of gravels in front of the moraine fills part of the old 
valley more than 200 feet above the Mississippi River and the 
glacial streams aggraded the valley from that elevation of out¬ 
wash for many miles dowm the River. The thickness of the ter¬ 
minal moraines is great as compared to the ground-moraine deposit, 
and the height and extent of outwash plains are even more out of 
proportion. These phenomena belong, however, rather to the de¬ 
position of stony drift than to a long duration of the glacier. 
Two large lakes. Leech Lake and Red Lake, appear to have 
resulted from the dam made by the main, outer moraines and a 
third Millelacs Lake, is certainly held in by one of the inner 
moraines which circles it on the south and west, the east side 
having ground-moraine, with bare rock outcrops enclosing it. Mo¬ 
raines of the Patrician drift that were over-ridden by other 
glaciers are mostly still traceable, and are somewhat unique 
feature, lately discovered, in the record of glacial history of the 
State. 
It is noteworthy, as shown on the map, plate xxxiv, that the 
point, or extreme end, of the Illinoian and that of the Patrician 
glacier of the Wisconsin stage terminate nearly in the same place. 
The general form of the two glaciers are nearly alike, and their 
drift deposits are also much alike, although coming supposedly 
from widely distant glacial centres. 
The “Superior glacial lobe’' of the Labradorian glacier is ob¬ 
viously the point of a glacier only in ^linnesota. It pushed 
through the Lake Superior Basin and reached its miximum ex¬ 
tension as the Patrician glacier was retreating, as shown on plate 
XXXV, and laid its drift sheet over that of the Patrician drift 
while it was very fresh. There is thus one red drift immediately 
over another without any local soil mark or division, excepting 
that the last red drift is the brighter in color. Difference in color, 
somewhat different stony content locally, according to place and 
direction of transport, and discordance of moraines enabled Frank 
Leverett lately to distinguish the two drifts and glaciers which 
had been formerly confused by every one. 
The drift of the Superior lobe is stony with large admixture of 
