Qualities and Uses of the Woods of Ohio 
91 
age total absorption was ninety-four and five tenths (94.5) grams 
each, or seventy-four (74) per cent of their original weight; of thirty- 
two (32) of the harder woods ninety-five grams each or sixty-four 
(64) per cent of their original weight. Of the sixty-nine (69) sam¬ 
ples the average per sample was ninety-six and seven-tenths (96.7) 
grams, or an average of about 70 per cent for all the woods tested. 
After the samples were well air-dried after the second test, they 
were for the third time placed in water in order to compare the water 
absorption with the volumetric increase. (See Table II.) It is seen 
that the increase in weight and volume was the same during the first 
period in the Swamp White Oak; the same during the second period 
in the June-berry and Black Walnut; the same during the fourth pe¬ 
riod in the Cucumber Tree. The cases where the volumetric increase 
exceeded the weight increase are during the first period. White Pine 
(nearly double), Pitch Pine and Cucumber Tree; second period, 
AVhite Hickory, Pig-nut; third period. King-nut, Gray Birch, Arbor- 
Vitae; none during the fourth period. The White Elm during the 
second period shows decrease of three (3) grams in weight and in¬ 
crease of three (3) cc. In the Pepperidge, Hackberry and Western 
Catalpa the expansion was all during the first period of one day. 
There was excessive expansion in the Red Elm during the last period. 
The two Catalpas were the same in volume at the beginning and each 
increased the same in volume. Eight samples each increased twenty- 
five (25) cc. in volume. The White Elm and the Hack-berry showed 
the same per cent of volumetric increase. 
The average per cent of increase in volume was twelve and five 
tenths (12.5) of the original volume. The total amount of increase 
in grams was two and ninety-two hundredths (2.92) times as much 
as increase in cubic centimeters. 
The expansion was unsteady or more or less irreguar in most 
cases. 
The original volume varied from one hundred and seventy (170) 
cubic centimeters in the Papaw to two hundred and two (202) cc. in 
the Persimmon. It might be thought that a piece of timber like 
Basswood, for example, would shrink to a less volume than an oak, 
but by comparison of the table this will be seen not to be the case. 
The volume in all cases was determined by placing the sample 
in a graduate containing water in sufficient quantity to completely 
immerse it, and recording the amount of water displaced. 
