Ecology of the Cincinnati Region 
123 
on the Mill creek-Miami divide a mile north of College Hill. The lowest 
part of the elongate depression, as is shown on the map, fig. j, lies seven 
feet below the general level of the flat upland, and two feet lower than 
the bordering tract toward the ravine. Most of the depression is but 
slightly more than a foot below this ravineward margin. Yet this slight 
depression is sufficient to produce a hydrophytic^ forest. The associa¬ 
tions are of a character commonly found in shallow morainic depressions 
elsewhere. A very similar association is noted by Cowles (1901) in the 
morainic areas of the Chicago region. 
Fig. 4. Red maples (Acer rubrum) in the lowest part of the depression. 
Facies of depression. —The lowest part of the depression is occupied 
exclusively by swamp trees, red maple (Acer rubrum)^ and some shell- 
bark hickory (Carya ovata), and swamp herbs, Cardamine bulbosa, Bidens 
frondosa, Eupatorium perfoliatum, and species of Carex (dg. 4 ). 
^ The term hydrophytic is used in connection with a type of forest of this region, in which 
the soil is saturated, with puddles standing in all slight depressions, during the spring and 
early summer—the growing season—and often dry at the surface during the late summer and 
fall. 
^ Names used are those of Gray’s New Manual of Botany, seventh edition. 
