Ecology of the Cincinnati Region 
127 
forests varies considerably. In some, a carpet of grass, sedge, and swamp 
herbs covers the wetter parts (fig. 4 ), and a dense undergrowth of sap¬ 
lings occupies the other zones (fig. 5 J. In others, the ground is almost 
bare, except for scattered plants or patches of Ranunculus abortivus, Car- 
Fig. 8. A small depression, overgrown with poison ivy (Rhus Toxicodendron), 
southwest of Mount Carmel. 
damine bulbosa, Impatiens pallida, Impatiens biflora, and Carex typhi- 
noides, mixed with a few saplings. It is in the latter type of woods that 
standing water in spring is most noticeable (fg. y). 
In some woods, there are occasional groups of hydrophytic trees and 
herbs, and the intervening spaces are occupied by a mixed forest of a 
