134 
Ohio Biological Survey 
Upon the older drift, a representative area of mixed forest about 400 
by 1000 feet is found a little less than a mile west of Hazelwood. It is 
estimated, that here 84 per cent of the large trees belong to species com¬ 
monly found in wet soil in this region; 31 per cent are shell-bark hickory 
(Carya ovata), and the remaining 53 per cent include in the order of their 
abundance, red maple (Acer ruhrum), pin oak (Querciis palustris), white 
oak (Querciis alba), white-heart hickory (Carya alba), white ash (Fraxi- 
nns americana), shingle oak (Quercus imbricaria), swamp white oak 
(Querciis bicolor), sour gum (Nyssa sylvatica), and white elm (Ulmus 
americana). The red maples usually occur in groups, in the wettest part 
of the woods. No decided mesophytes are found among the larger trees, 
though white ash and shingle oak (18 per cent) often occur in mesophytic 
woods also, and might be listed here as mesophytes. Xero-mesophytes 
are, however, well represented (16 per cent), and include redbud (Cercis 
canadensis) (8 per cent), black oak (Quercus velutina), black walnut 
(Juglans nigra), and locust (Robinia Pseudo-Acacia). 
Xero-mesophytes make up a much larger proportion of the saplings 
than of the large trees. Here red elm, walnut, redbud, hackberry, mul¬ 
berry, and Sassafras are common, and compose probably 50 per cent of 
the young tree growth. Wild black cherry (Primus serotina), a meso- 
phyte, is found, and white ash has increased in importance. 
The large trees stand rather far apart, so that the ground in many 
places is not well shaded. This may in part account for the scarcity of 
saplings of mesophytic trees, which are appearing only in the more shaded 
portions. 
In the wetter parts of the woods, are saplings of the hydrophytic 
trees, and many herbaceous plants, among which are Scirpus atrovirens, 
Scirpus lineatus, Juncus tenuis, Potentilla canadensis, Epilobium color- 
aturn, Ludvigia alternifolia, Pycnanthemum dexuosum, Bidens frondosa, 
and several species of Carex. Carex squarrosa frequently forms large 
patches. 
Few such areas are found upon the Illinoian till plain; but upon the 
gently rolling surface of the younger drift, and even on its flattest parts, 
the mixed swamp forest is more common than that in which pin oak pre¬ 
vails. Extensive flats of Wisconsin age are absent in this region, and 
for this reason the swamp forest is limited in extent. The forest suc¬ 
cession seems to have advanced more rapidly here, probably because of 
the more porous nature of the sub-stratum, so that the areas of the two 
drifts may often be distinguished by the character of their plant cover. 
