Ecology of the Cincinnati Region 
143 
ent. The aspect of such a meadow is therefore much more varied (fig, 
ly). A large number of species are found, among which are a few 
grasses (Poa pratensis and P. compressa, Aristida gracillis), Juncus 
tenuis, and /. marginatus, Scirpus atrovirens, Habenaria peramoena, Hy¬ 
pericum punctatum, Ludvigia alternifolia, Steironema lanceolatum, Lyth¬ 
rum alatum, Poly gala sanguinea, Verbena angustifolia, Pycnathemum 
flexuosum Pentstemon glaber, Eupatorium coelestinum and E. perfoliat- 
um, Solidago nemoralis, and vS. graminifolia. 
Fig. 17. A clearing meadow near Mount Washington returning to forest. 
The species of saplings appearing are controlled to a large extent 
by the kind of trees in the vicinity. In the region of sweet gum forests, 
this species is an important constituent of the new growth. Elsewhere it 
is entirely absent. Pin oak is the most common species, and with it oc¬ 
cur red maple, swamp white oak and white ash. In almost every case, a 
considerable number of red elms (Ulmus fulva) appear. 
