Ecology of the Cincinnati Region 
157 
2. Modifications of the typical ravine 
Many of the ravines of the region do not exhibit all of the features 
above outlined; few have all well developed. Some exhibit peculiar fea¬ 
tures which are dependent upon the particular physiographic and soil 
conditions of the area through which they flow. 
Fig. 29. A climax forest in August. Spleenworth (Aspleniiuii angiisnfoiiuui) 
forms large patches. 
A number of the smaller streams begin near the margin of the up¬ 
land. In these, the sluggish upland course is lacking. The fall of the 
