170 
Ohio Biological Survey 
Old bluffs. —The old clay bluff is clothed with a forest much resemb¬ 
ling the mixed oak forest of the typical ravine. The vernal vegetation 
usually consists of a large variety of plants, among which may be men¬ 
tioned Hepatica acutiloba, Ranunculus hispidus, Polemonium rcptans 
(Greek valerian), Uvularia grandiflora (bellwort), Ancmonella thalic- 
troidcs (rue anemone), Thalictrum dioicuni, Cynoglossmn virginianum, 
and Erigeron pulchcllus. Beech and sugar maple are abundant among 
Fig. 36. Young clay (till) bluff of the Little Miami river near Miamiville; red 
cedar a pioneer. 
the saplings, as are also the hickories (Carya laciniosa and C. glabra viE 
losa), basswood (Tilia americana), dogwood (Cornus dorida), and the 
oaks which are the facies of the upper layer of the forest. The red 
cedar has almost entirely disappeared. In sheltered ravines in the old 
bluff, is found a mixed mesophytic forest similar to that found on north¬ 
ward flowing streams—a forest of the erosion climax type. 
