Ecology of the Cincinnati Region 
173 
eupatorioides, and Arabis Drummondi) are seldom found elsewhere. 
Gravel bluffs and hillsides may be said lo have the most characteristic 
vegetation of any habitat of the region. 
C. CLEARING ASSOCIATIONS 
The use to which a cleared slope has been put influences the char¬ 
acter of the earlier clearing associations. Pastured land is occupied by a 
Fig. 38. Abandoned pasture land in Ault Park; honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) 
dominant on this 25 degree south slope. The large trees are oaks (Quercus 
velutina and Q. Muhlenbergii) and beeches. 
turf composed chiefly of Kentucky blue grass (Poa pratensis), over 
which are scattered a few scrubby trees and herbaceous plants, among 
which ironweed (Vernonia fasciculata) is always prominent. Long after 
the pasture land is abandoned, the sod retains its hold (dg. j8). Slowly 
the number of broad-leaved herbs increases, and more trees, sometimes 
in great variety, appear. 
