Ecology of the Cincinnati Region 
179 
at Stony Island, Chicago, do not occur between the plants of the two 
habitats. 
B. SAND AND SILT TERRACES 
The forest cover of the sand and silt terraces is similar to that sup¬ 
posed to have been the original cover of gravel terraces. It is a climax 
mesophytic forest somewhat intermediate between the pre-erosion and 
erosion types. Beech is usually dominant, growing with sugar maple, 
tulip, sweet buckeye, and walnut. Tulip, in one instance, becomes the 
facies, constituting nearly 80 percent of the tree growth. 
Fig. 40. A clearing association on the gravel terrace; Opuiitia rafiiiesquii the facies. 
The undergrowth of this mesophytic forest of the terrace is rela¬ 
tively dense, consisting of saplings of the trees noted, with summer grape 
(Vitis aestivalis), poison ivy (Rims Toxicodendron), spice bush (Benzoin 
aestivate), and mesophytic herbs, among which blue violet (Viola papilio- 
nacea), waterleaf (Hydrophyllnni appendiculatiini), black snakeroot 
(Cimicifnga racemosa), richweed (Pilca pumila), Joe-pye weed (Eupa- 
