Ecology of the Cincinnati Region 
189 
lower shore, which is occupied by hydrophytic herbs, is the rough upper 
shore, with its xerophytic annuals and perennials. With the scattered 
willows, sycamores, and poplars of this upper zone, are clammyweed 
(Polanisia graveolens), blue false indigo (Baptisia australis), crab grass 
(Digitaria sanguinalis), black mustard (Brassica nigra), peppergrass 
(Lepidium virginicum), sweet clover (Mclilotus alba), and evening prim¬ 
rose (Oenothera biennis). Fig. 4 j is a view of a wide cobble shore of 
the Little Miami; fig. 4p, AA', a belt transect of the same. 
Fig. 44. Narrow flat shore at the foot of steep wooded banks of the flood plain. 
Water willow (Dianthera americana) advancing out into the river. 
The third zone is a closed association similar to the corresponding 
zone of sandy shores. This belongs more properly to the flood plain 
forest than to the beach-like shore. 
2. Steep river banks 
The open shore association extends higher up on steep river banks 
than on gently sloping ones. But this shore association is not the same 
