286 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
13. Cynosurus L. Dogtail-grass. 
Annual or perennial tufted grasses with dense, erect, spike-like 
panicles. Spikelets of 2 kinds, in small clusters; the lower spikelets 
of the clusters consisting of narrow glumes and continuous rachilla, 
the terminal spikelets of broader glumes and articulated rachilla and 
containing perfect flowers; empty glumes of the fertile spikelets 
1-nerved; lemma 1-3-nerved, pointed or short-awned ; glumes of the 
sterile spikelets spreading, 1-nerved; grain finally adherent to the 
palet. 
1. Cynosurus cristatus L. Dogtail-grass. An erect slender 
perennial grass with simple stems, 1-2^ ft. high, with narrow leaves, 
and dense spike-like long exserted panicles. Spikelets of two kinds, 
in small clusters, the upper with bisporangiate flowers the lower 
with sterile vestigial flowers; lemma of the perfect flower pointed 
or short-awned ; lemma of the sterile flowers very narrow, pointed, 
and strongly scabrous on the keel. 
In fields and waste places. June-August. From Europe. Ma¬ 
honing County. 
14. Phragmites Trin. Reed-grass. 
Tall reed-like perennial grasses with stout, hollow, leafy stems, 
broad leaf blades, and large terminal panicles. Spikelets 3-7-flowered, 
rachilla articulated, with long silky hairs; empty glumes unequal, 
lanceolate, acute; lowest lemma empty or subtending a staminate 
flower; lemmas of the perfect flowers glabrous, narrow, long-acumin¬ 
ate, much exceeding the short palet; grain free. 
1. Phragmites phragmites (L.) Karst. Reed-grass. A tall 
reed-like perennial grass with stout, hollow, leafy stems, 5-15 ft. high, 
from long creeping rhizomes, with overlapping sheaths, and with a 
large, tawney, rather densely flowered panicle whose branches are 
ascending. Spikelets 3-7-flowered, the flowers shorter than the long 
hairs of the rachilla; palet 3-nerved, long-acuminate. Can be used 
for thatching. 
In swamps and wet places. August-October. Ashtabula, Cuya¬ 
hoga, Erie, Lucas, Huron, Wayne, Franklin. 
Pampas-grass (Cortaderia argentea) is a related perennial grass, 6-10 ft. 
high with a very large, dense, silky panicle, cultivated for ornament. It might 
perhaps be successfully planted in protected places in southern Ohio. 
