302 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
bearing- at the ends. Lemma awnless or rarely short-awned on the 
back, palet very small or obsolete. 
In dry or moist sandy or stony soil. June-Aug. Rather gen¬ 
eral, but no specimens from the northwestern nor southeastern 
counties. 
38. Apera Adans. Windlestraw. 
Annual grasses with flat narrow leaves and diffuse panicles. 
Spikelets 1-flowered, small, the rachilla prolonged beyond the flower 
into a bristle; empty glumes subequal, thin, keeled, acute; lemma 
membranous bearing a slender awn just below the 2-toothed apex; 
palet nearly as long as the lemma, 2-keeled, 2-toothed; grain nar¬ 
row, free. 
1. Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv. Silky Windlestraw. A grass 
with tufted slender erect simple stems, 1-2 ft. high, and an open 
panicle with verticillate capillary ascending branches, spikelet-bear- 
ing near the ends. Spikelets shining; lemma scabrous, bearing a 
dorsal awn. 
In waste places. June, July. From Europe. Lake County. 
39. Cinna L. Wood Reed-grass. 
Tall perennial grasses with flat leaf-blades, conspicuous hyaline 
ligules, and many-flowered nodding panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, 
the rachilla articulated below the empty glumes and prolonged be¬ 
hind the palet into a minute bristle; empty glumes narrow, keeled, 
acute; lemma 3-5-nerved, short-awned from between the 2 minute 
teeth of the apex; palet 1- or 2-nerved, the nerves close together; 
stamen 1 ; grain narrow, free, enclosed in the flowering glumes. 
1. Cinna arundinacea L. Wood Reed-grass. A tall grass with 
erect, simple, often solitary stems, 2-5 ft. high, rather broad leaf 
blades and a contracted panicle with slender ascending branches. 
Lemma scabrous, usually bearing a minute awn from the 2-toothed 
apex. 
In moist woods and shaded swamps. Aug., Sept. General. 
40. Ammophila Host. Beach-grass. 
Coarse perennial grasses with long, creeping rhizomes, flat leaf- 
blades, which are deeply grooved above and convolute on drying, 
and with dense spike-like panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla 
prolonged beyond the flower and hairy; empty glumes firm, com- 
pressed-keeled, acute, the outer 1-nerved, the inner 3-nerved; lemma 
5-nerved, with short hairs at the base, 2-toothed and mucronate be- 
