304 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
stems, y 2 -\y 2 ft. long, and with dense, oblong-ovoid, spike-like 
panicles. 
In waste places. July, Aug. Greene County. From Europe. 
43. Phleum L. Timothy. 
Erect simple-stemmed perennials with flat leaves and dense, 
spike-like panicles. Spikelets 1-flowered, flattened; empty glumes 
membranous, compressed, keeled, abruptly awn-pointed; lemma 
broad, truncate, hyaline, 5-nerved; palet narrow, hyaline; grain 
ovoid, free, enclosed in the flowering glumes. 
1. Phleum pratense L. Timothy. A glabrous grass with sim¬ 
ple, hollow, erect stems, 1-5 ft. high, from a swollen base, and with 
a long-cylindrical, compact, spike-like panicle. Empty glumes short- 
awned, ciliate on the keel; lemma 5-nerved, truncate, hyaline. A 
very important grass extensively cultivated for hay. 
In fields and meadows. Also called herd-grass. June-Aug. Gen¬ 
eral. From Europe. 
44. Muhlenbergia Schreb. Muhlenbergia. 
Mostly perennial grasses with flat or involute leaves and small 
spikelets usually in contracted panicles, and usually with scaly rhi¬ 
zomes. Spikelets 1-flowered, usually with a short barbate callus 
below the flower; empty glumes membranous or hyaline, acute, 
sometimes awned; lemma narrow, 3-nerved, awned or awnless; palet 
thin, 2-keeled; grain narrow, free, tightly enclosed in the flower¬ 
ing glumes. 
1. Lemma not awned, but the empty glumes may be short awned. 2 
1. Lemma long-awned. awn mostly twice as long as the body of the lemma. 4 
2. Empty glumes not awned, broadly ovate, acute, about half as long as the 
lemma. M. sobolifera. 
2, Empty glumes long acuminate or short awned, as long or longer than 
the lemma. 3 
3. Empty glumes about equal in length to the lemma, long pointed. M. mexicana. 
3. Empty glumes much longer than the lemma, usually about twice as long, 
short-awned; panicle usually dense. M. racemosa. 
4. Empty glumes at least G as long as the lemma. 5 
4. Empty glumes not more than the length of the lemma, the outer one 
often wanting. M. schreberi. 
5. Empty glumes lanceolate, about equaling the lemma. M. umbrosa. 
5. Empty glumes broadly ovate, Yi-Yz as long as the lemma. M. tenuiUora. 
1. Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. Rock Muhlenbergia. 
A glabrous grass with erect or ascending, sparingly branched stems, 
2-3 ft. high, with numerous conspicuous rhizomes covered with 
short, appressed scales, and with very slender, usually loose-flowered 
panicles. Lemma acute, scabrous, 3-nerved. 
In rocky woods. Sept., Oct. Highland, Wayne. 
