GRASSES OF OHIO 
319 
empty glume usually obsolete, the inner one and the sterile lemma 
villous between the nerves with gland-tipped hairs; fertile lemma 
dark-brown, acute. 
In dry sandy soil. July-Sept. No specimens. 
2. Syntherisma ischaemum (Schreb.) Nash. Small Crab-grass. 
A glabrous grass with spreading or decumbent much-branched 
stems, 5^-2 ft. long, and a panicle of 2-6 aggregated spike-like racemes. 
Inner empty glume and sterile lemma densely short-villous between 
the nerves; fertile lemma dark-brown. 
In cultivated soil and waste places. July-Sept. Lorain, Wayne, 
Auglaize, Fairfield. From Europe. 
3. Syntherisma sanguinale (L.) Dulac. Large Crab-grass. A 
grass with branched spreading stems, 1-5 ft. long, usually decumbent 
at the base and often rooting at the lower nodes. Panicles of 3-12 
narrowly linear, spike-like racemes, digitate or approximate in 
whorls; spikelets elliptic-lanceolate, acute; outer empty glume usually 
present, minute; fertile lemma pale or grayish. 
In cultivated and waste ground. A very troublesome weed. 
Makes good hay and pasturage. July-Sept. General. Naturalized 
from Europe. 
56. Echinochloa Beauv. Barnyard-grass. 
Usually coarse annual grasses with long broad leaf-blades, com¬ 
pressed sheaths, and terminal panicles of stout one-sided racemose 
branches. Spikelets with 1 perfect terminal flower and a staminate 
or vestigial one below; empty glumes unequal, spiny hispid on the 
nerves, mucronate; sterile lemma similar, usually awned from the 
apex, its palet hyaline; fertile lemma and palet chartaceous, acu¬ 
minate ; margin of the lemma inrolled; grain free, enclosed in the 
flowering glumes. 
1. Leaf sheaths glabrous; second and third glumes more or less awned. 
E. crus-galli. 
1. Leaf sheaths, at least the lower ones densely papillose-hirsute; second and 
third glumes long-awned. E. walteri. 
1. Echinochloa crus-gMli (L.) Beauv. Common Barnyard-grass. 
A rather succulent grass branching from the base, with ascending 
or erect stems, 2-7^3 ft. long, and a dense panicle of numerous erect 
or spreading, or sometimes reflexed branches. Spikelets ovate, green 
or purple, densely crowded in rows on one side of the rachis; empty 
lemma more or less awned; fertile lemma ovate, abruptly pointed. 
A common weed. Sometimes cultivated for hay. A variety is 
sometimes advertised as “Billion Dollar Grass.” In cultivated and 
especially in manured soil and waste places. Aug.-Oct. General 
and abundant. Naturalized from Europe. 
