10 
Recent Ornithological Literature 
USDA For. Serv., 1700 Bay view Dr., Areata, CA 
95521, USA.)—Consider habitat selection based 
on an intermediate, habitat-polygon scale of 
analysis. 
Zabel, C. J., K. S. McKelvey, & J. D. Johnston. 
Patterns of habitat use by California Spotted 
Owls in logged forests of the northern Sierra 
Nevada. Pp. 165-174. (Redwood Sci. Lab., USDA 
For. Serv., 1700 Bayview Dr., Areata, CA 95221, 
USA.)—Cutting practices can make some red fir 
forests unsuitable for foraging. 
Ralph, C. J., et al.., Eds. 1995. Ecology and conser¬ 
vation of the Marbled Murrelet. USDA, For. Serv. 
Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-152. (Order from Pacific 
SW Res. Stn.: P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701- 
0245, USA.)—37 papers compile information to 
meet goals of USDA Forest Service conservation as¬ 
sessment for Brachyramphus marmoratus. —W.M.G. 
Ainley, D. G., S. G. Allen, & L. B. Spear. Offshore 
occurrence patterns of Marbled Murrelets in 
Central California. Pp. 361-370. (Pt. Reyes Bird 
Obs., 4990 Shoreline Hwy., Stinson Beach, CA 
94970, USA.)—Most sightings occur within 10 
km of shore and directly offshore of species' 
breeding area. 
Beissinger, S. B. Population trends of the Marbled 
Murrelet projected from demographic analyses. 
Pp. 385-394. (Sch. For. & Environ. Stud., Yale 
Univ., New Haven, CT 06511, USA.)—Demo¬ 
graphic model, based on juvenile/adult ratios, 
' suggests 4%-6% annual decline. Predicted rates 
of decline agree with some survey-based studies. 
Burger, A. E. Inland habitat associations of Mar¬ 
bled Murrelets in British Columbia. Pp. 151- 
162. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Victoria, Victoria, B.C., 
V8W 2Y2, Can.)—Found most often in low-ele¬ 
vation old growth forest with well-developed 
epiphytic mosses. Predation rates higher for for¬ 
est edges. 
Burger, Alan E. Marine distribution, abundance, 
and habitats of Marbled Murrelets in British 
Columbia. Pp. 295-312. (Dept. Biol., Univ. Vic¬ 
toria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Can.)—Reviews 
numbers and distribution based on at-sea sur¬ 
veys. Possible declines of 30%-60% in some ar¬ 
eas. 
Burkett, E. E. Marbled Murrelet food habits and 
prey ecology. Pp. 223-246. (California Dept. Fish 
& Game, 1416 Ninth St., Sacramento, GA 95814, 
USA.)—Eats chiefly crustaceans (more important 
in winter and spring) and small, schooling fish 
(more important during the summer nesting and 
fledging period). 
Carter, H. R., & K. J. Kuletz. Mortality of Mar¬ 
bled Murrelets due to oil pollution in North 
America. Pp. 261-270. (U.S. Geol. Survey, Biol. 
Res. Div., U.S. Dept. Interior, California Pacific 
Sci. Ctr., 6924 Tremont Rd., Dixon, CA 95620, 
USA.)—Effect of large oil spills and chronic oil 
pollution on mortality poorly documented but 
probably has contributed to declines. 
Carter, H. R., M. L. C. McAllister, & M. E. Isleib. 
Mortality of Marbled Murrelets in gill nets in 
North America. Pp. 271-284. (U.S. Geol. Survey, 
Biol. Res. Div., California Pacific Sci. Ctr., 6924 
Tremont Rd., Dixon, CA 95620, USA.)—Acciden¬ 
tal gill net capture off Alaska likely results in 
mortality of several thousand to tens of 
thousands per year, with significant, but lesser, 
annual mortality off states and provinces to the 
south. Little has been done to study or reduce 
gill net mortality. 
Carter, H. R., & J. L. Stein. Molts and plumages 
in the annual cycle of the Marbled Murrelet. 
Pp. 99-112. (U.S. Geol. Survey, Biol. Res. Div., 
U.S. Dept. Interior, California Pacific Sci. Ctr., 
6924 Tremont Rd., Dixon, CA 95620, USA.)—Dis¬ 
cusses range of molts and plumages. Autumn at- 
sea adults in pre-basic molt difficult to distin¬ 
guish from juveniles; field methods given for 
separation.—W.M.G. 
De Santo, T. L., & S. K. Nelson. Comparative re¬ 
productive ecology of the auks (family Alcidae) 
with emphasis on the Marbled Murrelet. Pp. 
33-48. (Pacific NW Res. Stn., USDA For. Serv., 
2770 Sherwood Ln., Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801- 
8545, USA.)—Unique among alcids in choice of 
nesting habitat. Fledging success in monitored 
nests markedly lower than that for other alcids. 
Divoky, G. j., & M. Horton. Breeding and natal 
dispersal, nest habitat los:>, and implications for 
Marbled Murrelet populations. Pp. 83-88. (Inst. 
Arctic Biol., Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99705, 
USA.)—Annual fidelity to nest stands may be 
high. Discuss implications of stand loss and dis¬ 
persal patterns to assessing population status. 
Fry, D. M. Pollution and fishing threats to Mar¬ 
bled Murrelets. Pp. 257-260. (Dept, of Avian 
Sci., Univ. California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, 
USA.)—Reviews threats from chlorinated organ¬ 
ic effluent of pulp mills, agricultural chemicals, 
oil spills, and gill net fisheries. 
Grenier, J. J., & S. K. Nelson. Marbled Murrelet 
habitat associations in Oregon. Pp. 191-204. 
(1402 Cedar St., Philomath, OR 97370, USA.)— 
Support previous studies that indicate use of for¬ 
est with old-growth characteristics, and that 
stand structure is more important than stand age. 
Hamer, T. E. Inland habitat associations of Mar¬ 
bled Murrelets in western Washington. Pp. 163- 
176. (Hamer Environ., 2001 Hwy. 9, Mt. Vernon, 
WA 98273, USA.)—Compares attributes of oc¬ 
cupied and unoccupied forest stands. Reproduc¬ 
tive success, in addition to occupancy rate, 
should be a measure of habitat suitability. 
Hamer, T. E., & S. K. Nelson. Nesting chronology 
Issue 74 
11 
of the Marbled Murrelet. Pp. 49-56. (Hamer En¬ 
viron., 2001 Hwy. 9, Mt. Vernon, WA 98273, 
USA.)—Breeding season much longer (182 days) 
and less synchronous than for many other alcids. 
Hamer, T. E., & S. K. Nelson. Characteristics of 
Marbled Murrelet nest trees and nesting stands. 
Pp. 69-82. (Hamer Environ., 2001 Hwy. 9, Mt. 
Vernon, WA 98273, USA.)—Stand structures, 
and processes within stands, may be more im¬ 
portant than tree size alone for suitable nesting 
habitat. 
Hunt, G. L., Jr. Oceanographic processes and ma¬ 
rine productivity in waters offshore of Marbled 
Murrelet breeding habitat. Pp. 219-222. (Dept. 
Ecol. & Evol. Biol., Univ. California, Irvine, Irvi¬ 
ne, CA 92717, USA.)—Offshore ocean currents 
tend to dominate productivity in marine habitat, 
but wind driven Ekman transport and upwelling 
can create local productivity zones. Tidal pro¬ 
cesses influence productivity in bays. 
Hunt, G. L., Jr. Monospecific and mixed species 
foraging associations of Marbled Murrelets. Pp. 
255-256. (Dept. Ecol. & Evol. Biol., Univ. Califor¬ 
nia, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717, USA.)—Foraging in 
exposed, outer-coast waters is usually in pairs or 
monospecific flocks, while those in protected wa¬ 
ter frequently associated with other avian spe¬ 
cies. Gull kleptoparasitism may be greater in 
such associations. 
Konyukhov, H. B., & A. S. Kitaysky. The Asian 
race of the Marbled Murrelet. Pp. 23-32. (Lab. 
Bird Ecol., Inst. Anim. Evol., Morphol., & Ecol., 
Leninsky Pr., 33, Moscow 117071, Russia.)—Al¬ 
though Brachyramphus marmoratus perdix is mi¬ 
gratory, its biology and ecology are similar to 
those of North American race. Populations of 
Asian race not censused but may be threatened. 
Kuletz, K. J., et al. Inland habitat suitability for 
the Marbled Murrelet in southcentral Alaska. 
Pp. 141-150. (USFWS, 1011 E. Tudor Rd., An¬ 
chorage, AK 99503, USA.)—Give statistical mod¬ 
els that explain variation in activity levels and 
predict the occurrence of behavior indicative of 
nesting. 
Miller, S. L., & C. J. Ralph. Relationship of Mar¬ 
bled Murrelets with habitat characteristics at 
inland sites in California. Pp. 205-218. (Red¬ 
wood Sci Lab., USDA For. Serv., 1700 Bayview 
Dr., Areata, CA 95521, USA.)—Contrary to other 
studies, found that larger forest stands were no 
more likely than smaller stands to have birds 
present. 
Naslund, N. L., & B. P. O'Donnell. Daily pat¬ 
terns of Marbled Murrelet activity at inland 
sites. Pp. 129-134. (USFWS, 1101 E. Tudor Rd., 
Anchorage, AK 99503, USA.)—Discuss variation 
in detections (calls, wing sounds, etc.) relative to 
diurnal time, season, weather, and latitude. 
Nelson, S. K., & T. E. Hamer. Nesting biology and 
behavior of the Marbled Murrelet. Pp. 57-68. 
(Oregon Coop. Wildl. Res. Unit, Oregon State 
Univ., Nash 104, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, 
USA.)—Most parental incubation exchanges and 
feedings of young at twilight. Secretive, low- 
light-level activity thought to avoid predation. 
Nelson, S. K., & T. E. Hamer. Nest success and 
the effects of predation on Marbled Murrelets. 
Pp. 89-98. (Oregon Coop. Wildl. Res. Unit, Ore¬ 
gon State Univ., Nash 104, Corvallis, OR 97331- 
3803, U.S.A.)—Nest failures mainly from preda¬ 
tion of their single eggs or young. Predation rates 
appear higher than for many seabirds and forest 
birds. Successful nests farther from forest edges. 
O'Donnell, B. P. A review of the effects of station 
placement and observer bias in detections of 
Marbled Murrelets in forest stands. Pp. 139- 
140. (Redwood Sci. Lab., USDA Por. Serv., 1700 
Bayview Dr., Areata, CA 95521, USA.) 
O'Donnell, B. P., N. L. Naslund, & C. J. Ralph. 
Patterns of seasonal variation of activity of 
Marbled Murrelets in forested stands. Pp. 117- 
128. (Redwood Sci. Lab., USDA For. Serv., 1700 
Bayview Dr., Areata, CA 95521, USA.)—Activity 
peaks in summer, is lower in winter, and is rare 
or absent during transitional molt periods. Much 
behavior in forest stands remains unknown. 
Paton, P. W. C. Marbled Murrelet inland patterns 
of activity: defining detections and behavior. 
Pp. 113-116. (Utah Coop. Fish & Wildl. Unit, 
Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322, USA.)—Sum¬ 
marizes terminology, methodology, and prob¬ 
lems in detection and quantification of use of in¬ 
land forest stands. 
Perry, D. A. Status of forest habitat of the Mar¬ 
bled Murrelet. Pp. 381-384. (For. Sci. Dept., Or¬ 
egon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.) 
Piatt, J. F., & N. L. Naslund. Abundance, distri¬ 
bution, and population status of Marbled Mur¬ 
relets in Alaska. Pp. 285-294. (U.S. Geol. Survey, 
Biol. Res. Div., Alaska Sci. Ctr., 1011 E. Tudor 
Rd., Anchorage, AK 99503, USA.)—Alaska pop¬ 
ulations may have declined by 50% since 1972. 
Low reproductive rate probably insufficient to 
offset annual adult mortality. Reasons for adult 
mortality discussed. 
Ralph, C. J. Interannual differences in detections 
of Marbled Murrelets in some inland Califor¬ 
nia stands. Pp. 135-138. (Redwood Sci. Lab., 
USDA For. Serv., 1700 Bayview Dr., Areata, CA 
95521, USA.)—Detections at 3 California inland 
sites did not vary significantly among years, nor 
(with 1 exception) for any given month among 
years. Data from 1 year may suffice to detect 
stand occupancy, at least in larger stands. 
Ralph, C. J., et al. Ecology and conservation of 
the Marbled Murrelet in North America: an 
overview. Pp. 3-22. (Redwood Sci. Lab., USDA 
For. Serv., 1700 Bayview Dr., Areata, CA 95521, 
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