204 
PROFESSOR KARL PEARSOK, MATHEMATICAL 
(6.) Man and tlie gorilla appear to have followed common lines of differentiation 
from a common stock in the case of the femur and tibia, but the differentiation on 
v/hich they have not followed common lines has not been that of radius and humerus 
alone, or (Jc) would have given good results. 
(c.) Other organs closely correlated with stature beside the four long bones must 
have beeii differentially modified in the case of the chimpanze and orang, or (k) 
would still have given good results. 
(d.) The accordance between the result given by female (k) and the observed 
stature of the gorilla, and the want of accordance in all other formulae, seems to 
show that woman has been principally differentiated by these four long bones from 
the common stock, while man has been differentiated in other oro-ans hifoily 
correlated with stature. For example, the differentiation in pelvis may be much 
greater. 
So far as I am able to draw a conclusion from the few data at m}^ command, the 
correlation of radius and humerus with stature appears to be negative for the 
chimpanze and orang, while it is positive for the gorilla and man. The negative 
character of the partial correlation coefficient for the radius in {k) seems to be a 
relic of this stage of evolution, and it is much more marked in wmman than in man. 
The above statements must not be taken as dogmatic conclusions ; they are only 
suggestions of the manner in which the regression formulae can possibly be applied to 
the problems of evolution. They are no more weighty than the very slender 
material'" on which they are based. But they may suffice to indicate how a method 
of quantitative inquiry might be applied to ascertain more about the relationship of 
man to the anthropomorphous apes, so soon as a sufficient amount of data concerning 
the dimensions of the organs of adult apes has been collected, and reduced to 
numerical expression. 
* lu oi’der to verify Sir G. Hcjiphry’s measurements, I have gone through the catalogues, so far as 
published, of the German anthropological collections, and extracted the measurements of all adult 
anthropomorphous apes. Unfortunately I could only find one adult chimpanze; the sex vras as often 
as not not given. I find : 
No. 
Stature. 
Femur. 
Humerus. 
Tibia. 
Radius. 
Gorilla .... 
7 
144-2 
35-51 
41-83 
28-19 
33-91 
Orang .... 
9 
119-9 
26 52 
34-34 
22-57 
34-10 
A better agreement tvith the results cited, p. 202, could not have been expected, or wanted. Thus our 
data give racial and not random characters. 
