CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION. 
217 
For modern English we have the following results :— 
Galton, Commonalty. 
I. 
Pearson, Middle classes. 
II. 
III. 
Male . 
Female . . 
(811) 
172-55 
(770) 
160-85 
(1000) 
172-8 
(1000) 
159-9 
(1077) 
175-15 
(135) 
162-17 
Mr. Galton’s results were measured at his South Kensington Laboratory during 
the Exhibition of 1884. My first group are from my family data cards, and without 
boots ; my second group are from the measurement cards of the Cambridge Anthropo- 
metrical Committee. Subtracting 2'54 centims. for boots from I. and IL, we find :— 
Male .... 170-0 172*8 172*6 
Female . . . loS’S 159*9 159*6 
Thus there is a sensible agreement between the results II. and III., while I. shows 
just the class distinction we might expect to find. Comparing these results with the 
Anglo-Saxon statures, we notice an increase of about 2 centims. in the female stature, 
while the present English commonalty is about 1 centim. less than the mean male 
stature, and the English male middle classes about 2 centims. more. If the Witten- 
ham skeletons with tibia belong to a class apart, then they were quite equal in 
stature to the modern English classes, while the Anglo-Saxon bishops were distinctly 
inferior. Probably the bishops were men unsuited for fighting, and showing a lower 
degree of physical development. The Anglo-Saxon women are not very many in 
number, and we have only the femora to base an estimate upon, which in all these 
cases gives a less stature than the tibia. We may therefore conclude that the 
average Englishman of to-day is certainly not behind his Anglo-Saxon ancestors ; he 
may be very slightly taller. The average Englishwoman is probably somewhat taller, 
but the paucity of data for Anglo-Saxon women hardly allows an estimate of how 
much. The sexual ratio, 1*096, is so high that I am compelled to consider the Anglo- 
Saxon women under-estimated, or possibly mixed with a Romano-British element. 
The modern value is about I'OSO. 
(19.) Franhs. 
I have put into one group the Frankish remains belonging to both the Merovingian 
and Carolingian periods, to be found in Rahon’s memoir,* the separate smaller groups 
giving results in close accordance. We have then :— 
VOL. CXCII.-A. 
* Log. cit., p. 440, et seq. 
2 F 
