CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY OF EVOLETION. 
231 
i 
i 
Data—Male. 
S/F. 
S/T. 
S/H. 
S/R. 
50 normal French. 
3-71 
4-51 
5-06 
6-83 
Ti, f “Coefficientsmoyens ultiums,” 1 
stature <1.53 . . . . | 
3-92 
4-80 
5-25 
7-11 
Aino stature = I.56’7. 
3-84 
4-76 
5-31 
6-84 
Topinard, 21 men from 143 to 160 .... 
3-68 
4-59 
5-00 
6-70 
Pearson, 4 dwarfs under 120. 
3-93 
5-24 
5'.33 
7-59 
Now the tendency here is clearly for the ratios to increase with decrease of stature, 
if we consider only French, Aino and the group of four dwarfs. Topinard’s measure¬ 
ments show, however, rather a tendency in the ratios to return to their values for the 
mean of the normal French population, and as this was closely akin to what we found 
in the case of giants, we cannot afford to disregard it in the case of dwarfs. Sir W. H, 
Flower has reconstructed the Andamese from their femora on this supposition, and 
it does not give by any means improbable values of the stature. We have only to 
look, however, at the line of regression for the normal population to see that for 
statures between 155 and 175 tliis hypothesis wall give bad results, but it is 
conceivable that for statures above and below these limits the ratios of stature to 
the long bones obtained for the means of a normal population give results which 
are closer to the truth than those found from the lines of regression. Accordingly, 
on Plates 1, 2, dotted lines give these ratios of stature to long bones, and the statures 
of giants and dwarfs can be at once read off on this hypothesis. It will be seen that 
these lines do not give such good results for the four dwarfs under 120 centims. as 
our curves, but possibly they may give better results for normal dwarf races from 140 
to 150 centims. At any rate they do not on the surface exhibit the difficulty as to 
“instability” to which I have previously referred. Sir W. H. Flower writes of the 
Akka skeletons that : 
“ They conform in the relative proportions of the head, trunk, and Innb, not to 
dwarfs, but to full-sized people of other races.”* 
The chief and great difficulty, however, of adopting these lines of normal stadure 
ratios to determine the stature of dwarf races is to fix a limit to their application. A t 
what point are we to fall back on the normal line of regression? There must be such 
a point, for that line gives excellent results for statures from 155 to 175 centims. 
Wherever we do fall back upon it there will arise the very sort of instability which 
we find in our curves, only it will be a far more arbitrary and sudden change. 
For this reason I cannot consider it satisfactory to obtain the stature of races of less 
than 155 centims. by a process which is not in any sense continuous with that used 
* ‘ Journal of tlie Anthropological Institute,’ vol. 18, p. 90. By “dwarf” in the sentence cited I 
think we are to understand “ pathological ” dwarf. 
