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PROFESSOR KARL PEARSOK, MATHEMATICAL 
(27.) European Neolithic Dwarfs. 
lu the recently published work by Nxtesch, ‘ Die prahistorische Niederlassung 
beim Scbweizersbild.’ 1896, is a memoir by Kollmann, entitled, “ Die menscblichen 
Skelete, besonders iiber die fossilen menscblichen Zwerge.” This publication for the 
first time showed us that there existed in neolithic Europe, alongside a normal race, 
with a stature of about 163 centims., a dwarf race, very similar to the pygmy races, 
of Avhich we still find traces extant in Africa and Asia. At any rate the discovery 
in the same group of graves of four skeletons, or rather fragments of skeletons, 
Avhich must have belonged to individuals Avho were jjygmies, and not “ pathological ’ 
dwarfs, jDoints very strongly in this direction. 
Kollmann, who gives a most interesting discussion of these neolithic pygmies, 
provides the following measurements ;— 
F. H. T. II. 
1. Female . . 36'9 centims. 
• » » • • 9 
25'15 centims. 29’90 centims, 
28’20 ,, 3270 „ 22‘60 centims. 
Of these: 1, female, is an adult; 2, female or male, is that of a young person 16 to 
18 years old, and, accoi’diiig to Kollmann, probably, but not certainly, female; 
3, female, and 4, female or male, are adults, but as we see the sex of the latter 
appears doubtful. Proceeding, as in the earlier cases, we find :— 
2. ,, or male, 31'3 
3. „ ... 35-52 
4. ,, or male. 39-40 
struct stature, arises from tLe fact that the regression coefficients for long bones and stature are known 
for owe local race only, and tbat we have notbing else to go upon. Had we endeavoured to reconstruct 
one long bone from a second, Ave sbould bave bad far more evact material to determine tbe differential 
evolution of local races. 
