76 
OHIO BIOLOGICAL SURVEY 
Lake; Bruce Fink, Peebles, Eaton, and Mason; Robert Gordon, Eaton; 
Chas. P. Fox, Mt. Peace, near Akron; A. E. Black, Oxford; Wm. A. Stratton, 
Sardinia; and Chas. R. Stevenson, Stout. 
The illustrations given were made to show the form and structure of 
each plant as to its chief parts and thus to be a means of aiding the student 
in determining or recognizing the different species. All drawings were 
outlined and as many of the details as possible were put in by means of 
the camera lucida. A Leitz microscope with a tube length of 160 mic., a 
Leitz ocular micrometer, whose scale had been measured by means of a 
Bausch & Lomb stage micrometer ruled in tenths and hundredths of a 
millimeter, and a Bausch & Lomb camera lucida with the mirror bar at 
110 ', and the camera mirror at 50 , were used with the paper at the level 
of the table. Unless otherwise stated, perithecia are magnified 79 diameters 
and hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores, 450 diameters. Some features 
could not be represented easily by the use of the camera lucida. For 
instance, the hairs of the perithecia, when very numerous, had to be drawn 
quite diagrammatically. 
Most of the figures were made from living material. This has both 
advantages and disadvantages. It has the advantage of being more 
truthful, but the disadvantage of being less usable since many of the 
characteristics are lost by desiccation and most observers see them in the 
dry condition. It was the desire of the author to make drawings of the 
perithecium, hairs, paraphyses, asci, and spores for each species; but, for 
lack of time and material, this could not be done for many of the species. 
Specimens could not in all cases be preserved on account of scarcity 
of material for some species. Rough microscopic mounts of most of the 
species were made, but these will not preserve many of the delicate parts, 
such as the appendages of the spores or even the paraphyses and asci. 
The illustrations may compensate for this deficiency to a certain degree. 
All defects of this paper must be attributed either to the author’s 
lack of time or to his inability to obtain all the references necessary to 
make the publication more accurate, especially with reference to the new 
species found. The author is greatly indebted to Mr. C. G. Lloyd, of 
Cincinnati, for the use of his reference library and also to his librarian, 
Miss Edith Wycoff, for her kind assistance. Acknowledgments are also 
due to all who so kindly contributed material. Thanks are due especially 
to Dr. Bruce Fink, under whose directions the work was done, for 
valuable suggestions and criticism. 
DISTRIBUTION 
No region thus far explored for these plants has failed to furnish a large 
number of species belonging to this order. Spegazzini has reported a 
large number of species from the South American countries; Fries and 
