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Cases.— Fissures through which water runs into a mine. 
Casing.— The clayey matter between a lode and the country. 
Caunter. — A small cross lode. 
Cellular.— Full of small cells or sponge-like. 
Cement. — A hard alluvial deposit, often a conglomerate. 
Chalybeate.— Springs, the water of which contains iron. 
Chert. — Hard portions occurring in limestone, often flinty. 
Chillian Mill.—A revolving iron pan, the ore being crushed by two 
stationary wheels, which revolve on the bottom of the pan. 
China Clay. — The finer varieties of kaolin. 
Chloride.— A chemical compound of chlorine with another element. 
Chlorite.—A soft green mineral often met with in lodes. 
Choke-damp. — Carbonic acid gas resulting from a gas or dust explosion in a 
mine. 
Classing.— Sorting ore according to its quality. 
Cleavage.— The manner of splitting. 
Cleat. — A wedge. 
Clinker. — Slaggy ferruginous masses found in a forge. 
Coal.— A vegetable fossil fuel of commercial value. 
Cob. — To break into small lumps. 
Coffers. — The box or mortar in which the stamps work. 
Coffin.—O ld open workings. 
Colour. — A small particle of gold. 
Conglomerate. —Gravel cemented by either ferruginous, calcareous, silicious, 
or some other matter. 
Contact. _ A lode of great length in contact with two kinds of rock, one of 
which is generally intrusive. 
Contour. —The outline or shape. Generally expressed by lines which follow 
round the outline of a hill at certain levels. 
Copi.—G ypsum generally much weathered. 
Copperas.— Green vitriol. Sulphate of iron. Used in making ink. 
Corundum.— Sapphires, rubies, and emery consist of corundum, and it is the 
next hardest thing to a diamond. 
Cord. — Used in the measurement of firewood; 128 cubic feet. 
Corve. — A small underground wagon. 
Costean.—A trench cut across country to search for a lode. 
Country. — The rock formation at the sides of a lode. 
Course.— A vein or lode, or the direction taken by them. 
Cradle.— A woollen rocking machine for washing gold dirt. 
Creep.— A rising of the floor of a drive or level caused by the vertical and 
latteral pressure of the rock. 
Creek. — A small watercourse running into a river valley. 
Cross-course. — Lodes crossing the main lodes at an angle. 
Crosscut. — A level or drive driven through a lode at right angles. 
Crucibles. — Pots used for smelting substances in a furnace. 
Crystal.— The definite geometrical form with plane faces assumed by 
minerals. 
