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Drill. —A steel bar with a chisel end, which is struck on the other end by a 
hammer; used in mines for making a hole to put an explosive into. 
Drive. —A level, drift, or tunnel in a mine. 
Dropper. — A shoot of ore leaving the lower side of a lode. 
Druse. —A cavity in a lode lined with crystals. Vugli. 
Dump. —A place where ore taken from a mine is shot. 
Dunes. — Blown sand hills. 
Dyke. — An intruded vein of igneous or plutonic rock. 
Element. — A simple substance, not a compound. 
ElvanA hard felstone or porpliyritic dyke. 
Emery. — An impure form of corundum. 
End.—T he extremity of a drive. 
Eolian. — Drifts which have been arranged by the wind. 
Erosian. — The gradually wearing away of rock. 
Erratic. — Masses of transported rock which do not belong to the rocks of 
the district in which they are found. 
Eruptive. — Rocks which have poured from volcanoes in a molten state. 
Escarpment. — A cliff* or abrupt face of a ridge or hill range. 
Estuary. — The tidal mouth of a river. 
Exfoliate. —To fall off in laminae or scales. 
Face. — The end of a drive. 
Fahlbands. — Parallel belts of rock impregnated with ore sufficiently rich to 
work. 
False Bottom. — A bed of wash lying on the top of other alluvial deposits, 
beneath which there may be a true bottom on the bed rock. 
Fahlore. — Grey copper ore. 
Fang. — A n air passage at the side of adit or shaft. 
Fast. —Solid rock immediately beneath the surface. 
Fathom. —Six feet. 
Fault. —A line of dislocation of the strata. 
Feeder, or Leader. — A small vein carrying ore coming into a larger one. 
Feldstone. — A trap rock having a fine granular structure composed of 
feldspar. 
Ferruginous. —Containing iron. 
Fire-clay. — A clay that resists high temperatures without fusing. 
Fire-damp (Light-carburetted hydrogen). — An explosive gas met with in 
coal mines. 
Fissure, —A crack in the rocks. 
Floating Reef. — Loose masses of auriferous quartz found in the alluvium. 
Floor. — Where a lode has taken a turn and lies in a horizontal position. 
Flookan or Flucan. —A soft clayey substance between the lode and the rock. 
Also called casing. 
Flouring. — The breaking up of mercury or amalgam into very fine globules. 
Fluke.—A rod for cleaning drill holes. 
Flume.— An aqueduct for bringing water to the workings. 
Foliated. — Composed of thin leaf-like layers. 
Footwall.— The wall on the lower side of a lode. 
Force Piece. —A diagonal timber in a shaft or drive. 
