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Turnhouse.— A point where workings turn for a cross-cut to a level along 
the lode. 
Tut.—W ork of development down in barren ground. 
Underlie— Angle at which a vein dips away from the surface. 
Van.—T o wash a small quantity of ore on a shovel to ascertain its richness. 
Vanners — Machine for dressing up finely powdered ore. 
Vein—A rent in the earth’s crust filled with mineral matter. 
Vein Stuff.— The portion of the lode which is not ore. 
Vesicular.— Containing numbers of bubble-like cavities. 
Vitreous.— Glassy. 
Vitriol, Oil of.— Sulphuric acid. 
Volatile. — When heated passes off as vapour. 
Volcanic.— Igneous rocks which have been ejected from volcanoes. 
Vugh. _ A hollow or cavity in a rock or lode often lined with crystals. 
Wad.— Black oxide of manganese. 
Walls. _ The boundaries between the rock and lode stuff, the upper being 
the “hanging” and the lower the “foot” or “heading” wall. 
Wash._ To separate by water ore from refuse. The alluvial material 
amongst which gold or tin is found. 
Waste. — Neglected workings in a coal mine. 
Whele, Wheal, or Huel.—A mine. 
WhiM-' _ Machine for raising ore from a mine, in which the horse walks round 
and round. 
Whip. _ A pulley over which a rope passes, and is attached to a horse, which 
walks straight away, used for raising a bucket, at the other end, from a mine. 
White Vitriol. — Sulphate of zinc. 
Windlass.—A wooden roller with a crank at the end, used for winding a rope 
on, in hauling a bucket up a shaft. 
Windsail.— A canvas pipe put down a shaft for ventilation. 
Winze, or Winds. — A small shaft sunk from one level to another under¬ 
ground. 
Wolfram. —Tungstate of iron and manganese. It is proposed to use this 
mineral as a projectile, on account of its great specific gravity. 
Zone. _ A name given to a series of strata distinguished by similar organic 
remains. 
