1867.1 107 
conversant with the fact, that if it entirely cut out the upper part of 
its intended case, the first pufi" of wind would, in all probability, blow 
it away, whilst still engaged in cutting out the bottom of its case. 
After it has cut out as much of the top of its case as it considers 
necessary, it then devotes its attention to the formation of the lower 
half, using for that purpose a layer only of a part of the inner skin of 
the leaf, which latter is of so exceedingly thin and shining a character, 
that it reminds one of the substance called " goldbeaters' skin." It 
then fastens the upper and lower parts of its case together, after which 
it completes the cutting out of the upper portion, and makes itself snug 
by binding together the inner margins with silk, the ca&t-ofi" skins and 
" frass " being carefully excluded from the interior of the case. The 
latter being entirely liberated from the leaf is blown to the ground by 
the first gust of wind. The cases are not all made of the same size, 
some being almost half as large again as the others. All that I have 
examined (with one or two exceptions) have been cut out with the 
strictest accuracy. 
After the larva has resided in the case for a few days, its body loses 
a portion of its previous greenish tinge ; the fifth and sixth segments 
become somewhat narrower than the others, thus giving it the appear- 
ance of being nipped in at that part of its body, and, being slightly 
shrunken, is about five lines in length. During the winter months it 
is still further shrunken, so that by the arrival of the month of March 
it is only between three and four lines in length. It enters the pupa 
state either at the end of March or the beginning of April, 
If the larva or pupa be ejected, its development is at once arrested ; 
this fact I have tested on several occasions. I have been prevented 
from studying its pupal changes solely from the above-mentioned cause. 
We thus see that it is absolutely necessary for it to remain inside its 
case, otherwise its certain destruction follows. The perfect insect 
makes its appearance during the month of May, by bursting its way 
through either the upper or under-side of its case, whichever happens 
to be uppermost at the time, after having been entombed, as it were, 
for the space of about ten months. 
4, Napier Street, Hoxton, N. 
Notes on Coleoptero. in the south of Scotland. — For some reason or other Scotland 
has always been deficient in Coleopterists ; some fine collectors and good ento- 
mologists have worked there, but there has never been a sufficient band of them to 
ascertain with anything like an approach to completeness how rich the Coleopterous 
fauna of Scotland really is. The past three years have, however, been memorable 
