44 
MR. F. C. PENROSE ON THE ORIENTATION OF CERTAIN 
of Greek temples to the list pi-esented to the Society in 1893. The majority of 
these new examples are not indeed from Greece proper but from its Colonies in Italy 
and Sicily, but they conform to the same general law. 
Whilst at Athens I occupied a room commanding an uninterrupted view of the 
Eastern sky, over the ridge of Alount Hymettus, which, although the weather was 
by no means exceptionally line, enabled me to obtain a good many observations of 
heliacally rising stars ; from which I select the following as best worth recording. 
Sunrise stars seen at Athens in 1896. 
Date. 
Name of 
star. 
Magnitude. 
1 
Depression 
. , of sun 
Altitude. 1 ^ , 
below true 
horizon-. 
Difference 
of azimuth 
between star 
and sunrise 
point. 
Remarks. 
O 1 
O / 
March 10 
Mars 
= 1'3 
8 30 
13 0 
30 
Planet brilliant, birt 
0 Capriconii (4th 
mag.) about 3° dis¬ 
tant from o ,notseen 
with the naked eye. 
., 23 
5 56 
16 53 
20 
., 23 
a Aquarii 
3-2 
10 15 
14 50 
;) 
Seen distinctly. 
n 2.5 
55 
11 37 
11 42 
10 
Seen without doubt, 
but near the limit 
of my vision. 
„ 25 
iMars 
= 1-3 
13 5 
8 45 
35 
An easy object. 
April 12 
7 Pegasi 
3 
7 30 
10 57 
0 
Doubtful. 
Of this last I must observe that after finding it with the help of an opera glass 
I could only say that I fancied I glimpsed it with the naked eye, but it was so 
bright in the glass that I was of opinion that a younger sight than mine might have 
seen it. At the same time it ought, I think, to be judged too near the limit of 
visibility to warrant the use of third magnitude stars at rising with less than twelve 
degrees of solar depression. This star does occur among the orientation stars, but 
always when rising heliacally, with the sun at least as deeply depressed as that. 
Sunset Stars. 
On April 21, at sea between Corfu and Brindisi, 1 saw the Pleiades. Altitude 
oi‘ rj Tauri, 10° 5'. Depression of sun, 10° 50', and 7° difterence in azimuth from the 
sunset point. The constellation was undoubtedly seen, but not easily. 
It is obvious that in average weather the visibility of rising or setting stars in 
twilight must depend upon their intrinsic brightness, and on the depression of the 
sun, as well as on the altitude of the star ; and I have invariably found that when the 
heliacal rising of a star of decidedly less than the first magnitude has been one of 
