48 
]\1R. F. C. PENROSE ON THE ORIENTATION OF CERTAIN 
of three, namely, the Theseum, and the later temple of Bacchus at Athens, and the 
temple, as re-built, of Jupiter Olympius, and the last re-building at Ephesus, which 
will be mentioned in a group of temples of late foundation at the end. 
The elements of orientation of four very small temples at Athens, additional to the 
former list, are given beloAV. Two of them—both in the precincts of Dionysus ip 
Xt/xz^at?, recently explored by the German archaeologists—are so placed that they could 
have liad no connexion with the rising sun. The orientation of one of them is extra 
solstitial, and both are Interfered with by high ground towards the east. It is, 
therefore, reasonable to inquire whether they might belong to the class of temples 
in which the midnight appearance of one of the brighter stars at their rising or 
setting at a north-westerly or south-westerly door was looked for. The first on the 
list was well provided for in this respect by Arcturus. The second by Antares. 
The date of the latter seems early, but not earlier than some of the other sanctuaries 
at Athens. 
A//mils.-—Latitude 37° 58' 20". 
Name of temple. 
- - - 
Orientation 
angle. 
Elements of 
star. 
Name of 
star. 
Lower temple 
317° 28' 
A 
Amplitude .... 
A 4U 28' N.XV. 
Arcturus 
Dionjsns 
D 
Corresponding alti- 
8 ° 
setting 
ti' X(/(»'(/(9 
tucje 
C 
Declination .... 
A 35° 43' 
D 
Hour angle .... 
7'* 35“ 
E 
R. A. 
]^Oli 
F 
Approximate date 
850 B.C., July 19 
Upper temple 
250° .30' 
A 
Amplitude .... 
- 16° 3o' S.XV. 
Antares, 
Dionysus 
R 
Corresponding alii- 
oo 
o 
settin" 
tJ' 
tude 
C 
Declination.... 
- 11 ° 2 ' 
1 ) 
Hour angle. 
511 20 “ 
]-l 
R. A. 
I 3 I 1 Oin 
F 
Ajjproximnte date 
1700 n.c., dune 20 
The other two Atlienian examples are ordinary solar temples. The first on the 
list is a small temple near the Olymjiieium and a little to the south of it, which 
has been very recently discovered. 
