G4 
MR. F. C. PJ'F^ROSE ON THE ORIENTATION OF CERTAIN 
Avliich has been already referred to, the astronomic and historical dates of the temples 
are m very close correspondence. Diodorus informs us that the spoils obtained by the 
Agiigentines in their victory over the Carthaginians at Himera, b.c. 480,'“ enabled 
the inhabitants to embellish their city, but that afterwards they were in turn defeated, 
tlieir city taken, and their power destroyed in 406, and that the great Temple of 
Jupiter, which had been completed with the exception of its roof, remained hence¬ 
forth unfinished.t From these facts, in his contribution to the ‘Supplementary 
\olume’ of Stuart and Eevett, Professor Cockerell argues that that temple 
would probably have been commenced twenty years earlier. The orientation dates 
found foi the Temples of Hercules, Concord, and Jupiter are respectively 470, 452, 
and 430 B.c. These dates, therefore, accord as strictly with the dates derived from 
historical probability as they do wdth the architectural character of the remains. (Of 
three temples at Syracuse two fall within the historic period, and the other might be 
brought witliin it by a slight adjustment of the elements. 
ihe Qiientation date derived for the great temple at Piestum is 535 b.c. This is 
not only extremely accordant with the architectural character of the temple, but also 
with the mention by Herodotus of a Posidonian architect who was in repute about 
that time.I 
On page 825 of the former paper on this subject, 1 said that there were five temples 
of late foundation, of which I had measured the orientation, wdiich lay within the 
solstitial limits, but for which I had been unable to find heliacal stars, but that 
the elements of two others, also of late foundation, had been included in the list. 
The occurrence of three temples of late foundation in ihe present list, which have 
been associated with stars, but invariably combined wnth a deeper depression ot 
the sun than is found applicable to the older temples, and in this particular 
agreeing with the two temples of the former list just referred to, has led to a 
further examination of tlie five alluded to above, and in every case with an analogous 
result, namely, association wdth stars at a deeper depression of the sun. Tlie following 
list includes all the temples of which I have the requisite data, and of which the 
foundation evidently falls later than the beginning’ of the fifth centiirv b.c. Of fullv 
half the number the date is accurately known. 
In the case ot those wdiich are marked wdth an asterisk, the sun rises along the 
axis ; of the others, in the direction of the north side of the opening. 
* Diodorus, xi., 2.5. 
t Ihiih, xiii., 82. 
X Herodotu.s, i., UU. 
