18C7.] 
89 
AMKRICAX AG-RICULTURIST. 
'ruruiit:; in iai-oon CVop-*.— B. M. 
FtTiich : •• Why will not Itainvred plowi-H In, be as 
b.-ii(->ri;il to the Foil Any ciiltlvati (1 crop?” Bocaupc 
they do not fnrnUh a* much vegetable matter. The fp-eat 
advanta-o of clover aa a irreen cn)p, is the lar;^' mass of 
rooi,-. and leawIt furnishes. So of buckwheat, peas, 
and r ero; - u; d for this i)uq>ose. Weeds arc better 
turn d under than left to {to to wed, but hoed cn)pB should 
Im kept upon the ijnnind until the weeds are subdued. 
O’ .an cultivation and high manuring will soon finish 
them. If Mr. K. can not use clover on account of its win¬ 
ter tilling, try buckwheat, or what is better, drain his 
land. The cereals do not exhaust land, when they are 
turned under, but when they are suffered to go to seed, 
and both stalk and kernel are removed from Uto soil. 
Under draining is a remedy for winter killing. 
Coclflc Inntend of Wlieat. — A Sub¬ 
scriber ae.ks; “ What are the merits and demerits of 
cockle as an article of food for cattle?”—We have been 
shy of the article since Job and his friends held their dis¬ 
cussion. “ Ls't cockles grow instead of barley,” was about 
os bitter a curse as those old time farmers could invoke 
on their neighbors’ fields, and their cockle and ours, if 
not the same plant, wo guess are of about equal value 
for fodder. We most decidedly prefer the cereals. 
Ikrnininsg to l>ry up Spring’s. —“ B. 
M. F.” asks ; ” Where springs come out near the base of a 
hill, will a drain above, five or six feet deep, cut off the 
water and dry up the spring?” Certainly, if you tap the 
feeder of the ^spring, and provide an outlet for your drain. 
The spring is a natural outlet for an underground drain. 
l*iiinpkinH intstoiicl of Root's.— “ B. 
M. F.” Wc Itave never made accurate experiments of the 
comiMiratirc value of these for feeding purposes. Both 
are very go,T,l. Ijirge quantities of pumpkins and squashes 
an- rai.vd in Uir Kastem States, and fed to milch cows, 
and fattening cattle, and hogs, both cooked and raw. Tliey 
pay ^#•■ll. They are not as ea.iily kept as roots, but are rais¬ 
ed with les.s trouble, as they are generally a stolen crop 
with com and potatoes, which is very doubtful economy. 
■•ipc for llnniiro. —“B. M. F.” 
This should be protected with a strainer at the upper end. 
Iw liability to ol.structions will depend very much upon 
the fall. The more rapid the descent, the less trouble 
you will have with sediments. Two inch glazed tile would 
probably be much cheaper than lca<l or iron, and would 
be less likely to be obstmeted by sediment. 
Plowinsr ■•siHtwre and .lleadow. — 
All land, that is not alreatly too wet. is benetlttcd by irri¬ 
gation. Land plowi-d in winter produces much more grass. 
It may stand on all winter without injuring the grass. In 
the summer the water should bo carried over the ground 
in small ditchi^s. and let on at intervals. Draining and 
irrigation should go together to secure the best results. 
Premium IVat.-slirr ansi Wrinsrer.— 
Next to the sewing-machine, the Washer and Wringer 
have always iK-en favorite premiums with those obtain¬ 
ing clubs of subscribers for the American Agriciil- 
turii’t, and hundreds of them have been sent out in this 
way. The following testimonial to their excellence from 
so competent a source, is worthy of note. Mrs. Laura E. 
Lyman, authoress of one of our prize Housekeeping 
K-isavs, writes, *• I have for some time been using the 
I)oty Washer. ’ It is In the highest degree a labor-saving 
machine, and also a great saver of clothes, as it dispenses 
almost entirely with the old mode of rubbing them on the 
wash-board. With two children, a girl of twelve and 
a boy of seven, the washing can be done with no 
f„ti->ue on my part and little on theirs. With the 
W»Hher and Wringer there is avoided the inconvenience 
and danger to health of having the hands immersed, now 
in hot. and then in cold water. Doty, for his^ invention, 
deserves the gratltndc of every housekeeper.” 
Vorinont Asrrlcnltnral Soci«?ty- 
S{.r„incant W ool itcaolutloiis.-TheStato Agrt- 
mlTural Hoidety, of Vermont, held its annual meeting on 
th- ‘Jd of January, and in the r.-solntions passed respect 
in- the taritTbill, now before (tongress, praying P- 
age a remarkable ailmisslon was made, namely : Our 
r,w; w<«ol.s .are lyingonour hands uncalledforatanypnces 
that would pay over half tiie cost of proiluctjon. Mo 
wmild ask %^.rmont farmers if they think this fact an es- 
Leial recommendation for the greasy Mennos h.-y are so 
^roud of? Other people can sell their wool. But we 
lie ir tliat tho< lips of two or p.-rhaps three years arc chiefly 
Itinin first bandr. in Vennont. M'hy? Not because o 
low tariffs, but because, if maimfm'turers can buy wool 
thev will b't grease alone. Wlicn it Is bought and sent to 
Ke w Yoi market. It 1. avoided by all mannftict.urers. 
and tile purchase of these greasy fleeces, cleansing them 
thoroughly, and returning tliem to the market, constitutes 
a lucrative business. If Vermont wool growers, will but 
tub-wasli tliese fleeces, they will save a large amount of 
excellent manure for use upon their farms, and find a 
ready sale, at a fair price, for*tlie stock now on hand. 
W 0 do not argue against tlie tariff, but only against grease. 
I'L\l»eri«‘nce Sorg-lmm.—II. K. 
Smith, of Putnam Co., Ill., writes: “L. Grafton’s expe¬ 
rience in the January ‘Basket’ is in some ways very 
diffi-rcut from my own. I have worked at it on ‘ Cook’s ’ 
Evap. for 7 years, and prefer the original black-seeded 
Sorghum. Oreencaneis mt fit towwk. It wiW not make 
sugar for me, and but little syrup. What syrup I make 
wtien the seed is entirely ripe makes a great deal of sugar, 
often ^ to Yi of the barrel will be grained, but never a 
grain when the cane is at all green. My molasses (not 
syrup) will not keep over summer if the eane is not ripe, 
but works, sours, and forms more or less jelly. I can tell 
‘ Grafton ’ just what makes the ‘ salty taste ’ in the mo¬ 
lasses. I have had half a dozen lots that were grown on 
a jug pen site, where rich manure had been hauled out, or 
an okl straw pile, and they universally tasted salty ; one 
so much so that we could scarcely taste it. We never ma¬ 
nure in Dlinois for cane. It grows a good crop upon land 
that has been farmed steadily, and without manure, for 25 
or 30 years, and which will not raise good com or wheat. 
Three years ago I cut the seed of some Sorghum when it 
was in bloom, let it stand three weeks, worked up two- 
thirds of the lower end of stalks, it made a beautiful mo¬ 
lasses ; 6 gallons to a barrel of 36 gallons, which nearly 
all grained, forming m*y crystals. We think it im¬ 
proves the quaiity of the cane to store it in cool weather. 
We make a great deal of molasses here in Illinois. To 
show you that I Imve had experience in evaporating, I 
will state that my molasses always commands the high¬ 
est price in market. I can always get all that I wish to 
work, and more, at one-half the equivalent price.” 
Am. Wairymens’ Awsociation.— The 
second meeting of this association under its present or¬ 
ganization was held at Utica, N.Y., on the 9th of January. 
The attendance of dairymen w’as large, and included many 
from Canada and from the Western States. The feature 
of the meeting was Mr. X. A. Mrillard’s report of his ob¬ 
servations abroad, in regard to cheese-making there. Mr. 
Willard is a thoroughly practical man of culture, and prob¬ 
ably better informed in regard to cheese-making than any 
other man in America. His address was very interesting, 
and his observations and conclusions, when given to the 
public, as it doubtless will be, will be productive of 
great good. Ofllccrs for the current year were elected. 
Tlie President is George Williams, of Oneida, N. Y., 
and the Secretary Geo. B. W'eeks, of Verona, N. Y. 
Tlic American Co>v — “J. 
J. ” of Spring Valley, Colorado, and others, ask if 
we have yet found out whether or not the cow milker is a 
success. W'e have visited the office once and again, in 
order to find out when we could go to see the milker in 
use. W’e were told that none wore in use hereabouts, 
that the employes at the great milk stables would mob 
any one attempting to introduce them, and that they had 
been out only a few months, and had not been tried veiy 
Ion'' any where, etc. Each time they told about the same 
sto^. The same machine, to all appearance, was exhibi¬ 
ted at tho World’s Fair in London, in 1862, and we have 
tried in vain ever since to know of a fair trial being 
made. Wc have written to their agents at a distance and 
got no reply, and on the whole, have not as mucli faith in 
it as in the more tedious hand process. 
Tlic IIorlicnltHral Aaws of IlJi- 
nol».—Every one with much experience in fruit grow 
ing knows that certain marauders consider all kinds-of 
frait as “ free plunder,” that these thieves have a way of 
takin" one's choicest specimens, and that it is very dit- 
flcult°to meet such fellows with the “common To 
remedy the difficulty of convicting fruit thieves, the State 
of Illinois has passed some very stringent laws, which wo 
copy, In the hope that these, or similar laws, may be enact¬ 
ed in States In which the Legislature is now in session: 
Ak Act to Punish Fruit Tiukves.-Bs it enacted by 
the People e>f the State of llUnois, represented intM <^«rierca 
Assentbly, That if any person or persons shall hereafte 
enter the inclosure of any person, without tho leave or 
license of such owner, and pick, destroy, or carir away 
the fniit of any apple, plum, peach, pear or other fimt 
tree or bush, such person or persons shall be guilty of a 
misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, may be flnecl- 
Ty mm not less than ten dollars, nor more than lifty dol¬ 
lars and may be Imprisoned in tho county jail for any 
^ 1 n violation of this act may bo enforced by indict- 
mltl. any court having jurisdiction of misrlemeanors 
in the county where the offense is committed, or the fine 
may be recovered in action for debt before any justice of 
the peace of such county. 
An Act tor the Protection of Fruit, and Orna- 
mentai. Trees, Shrubbery and Vegetable Products. 
Section 1. Pe it enacted by the People of the State qf llli- 
nois, represented in the General Assembly, That if any per¬ 
son or persons, in this State, shall willfully, maliciously 
and without lawful authority, cut down, root up, sever, 
injure, peel or destroy any fruit or ornamental tree, culti¬ 
vated root or plant, fruit or other vegetable production, 
grape, strawberry or cranberry vines, currant, gooseberry, 
raspberry, or cultivated blackberry bushes, standing or 
growing on or being attached to the land of another, or 
shall, willfully and without lawful authority, cut down, 
root up, destroy or injure any fruit or ornamental tree or 
shrubbery, planted or growing on any street, lane, or 
alley, or public grounds, in any city, borough or incorpo¬ 
rated town in said State, every such person so offending, 
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on convic¬ 
tion thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than 
five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the jail of the 
county not exceeding three months, or both, at the discre¬ 
tion of the court, and shall, moreover, be liable in double 
the amount of damages to the party injured. This law 
to take effect from and after its passage. 
Animal Meeting' of tlie ConnectiGiit 
State Board of Agriculture.—This body was 
authorized by the last Legislature of the State, and was 
duly organized at its first session in New Haven, on the 
8th of January, his Excellency Governor Hawley in the 
chair. It is composed of certain ex officio members, be¬ 
sides the Governor, and two representatives from each of 
the eight County Agricultural Societies, making about 
twenty members. By special invitation, the American 
Agriculturist was also represented at the meetings, which 
were continued with unabated interest for three days. A 
circular, issued by T. S. Gold, Secretary of the Board, 
proposing certain questions upon drainage, irrigation, and 
fruit culture, called forth a good many replies, and led to 
the attendance of some of the most distinguished farmer* 
and fruit growers in the State. The Board had also made 
provision for lectures by Professors Johnson and Brewer, 
of the Tale Scientific School, which added much to the 
interest of the occasion. These were interspersed by 
discussions upon the topics indicated, and by reports 
from the various Agricultural Fairs held in the several 
Counties of the State. The County Societies are all kept 
up, and fairs are usually held, but not with uniform suc¬ 
cess. The following resolutions, looking to the improve¬ 
ment of these Societies, were introduced, and much the 
liveliest session was spent in their discussion. As they 
are of general interest and very suggestive of the wants 
of similar Societies in all parts of the country, we give 
them in full: — 
Besolved, That we regard permanent buildings, as well 
for live stock as for manufactured goods, essential to the 
permanent success of our Agricultural Societies, thereby 
enabling them to continue their Fairs for a longer period 
in each year. * 
Besolved, That the location of these buildings In re¬ 
gard to facility of access by rail or steamer, is of the first 
importance. 
Besolved, That we recommend to the Agricultural Soci¬ 
eties the practice of securing contributions of stock and 
manufactures by personal solicitations of breeders and 
manufacturers, and devoting some time previous to the 
days of the Fair to this object. 
Besolved, That we recommend the publication of the 
proceedings of Societies, and their distribution through 
the country. . 
Besolved, That we recommend to breeders the import¬ 
ance of explaining at the Fairs the qualities in the stock 
that they consider of chief value, with statements of their 
practice and success. 
The County fairs are doing a good work, and they ought 
to be kept up in all the States vvhere they are in exist¬ 
ence, and to be organized where they are not. A County 
embraces usually just about territory enough to bring to¬ 
gether a good representation of the several branches of 
a<wiculture, horticulture, and manufactures, and to make 
an interesting exhibition. A single town doe* not give 
variety enough, and the expense is a very serious objec¬ 
tion The impression left upon our mind by the meet¬ 
ings is that the agricultural and horticultural interests of 
thf site are in a thriving condition. The organization 
S thirBoard by the Legislature, alter the example of 
i™husetts,/s one of the o 
State, with its Secretary and Annual Yolume 
the 
The facilities af- 
Transactions, ^ of the Sheffield Sclen- 
[iflfscho’ol ie gratuitous lectures given by Professora 
T and Brewer, and the cordial welcome of all the 
Johnson ai guests, show that sci- 
Professors o interests. Our 
thaiVs^ra due to the Board for their generous hospital, 
ii, aqd to the Yale Professors for numerous favor*. 
