m:.] 
AMKlllCAX AGTITCI I/rUniST. 
203 
Tobacco .—Select the larijest pluiitA fronv the seed 
bods,and,on a rainy day, transplant them to the field, 
no as to make the general planting about the 20th. 
The land should be very rich and mellow, warm, 
and well tilled. The plants may sulTer from attacks 
of cut worms and grubs, and all missing ones must 
be reset, as fast as vacancies occur. 
Ani/naU of all kinds mu.st have clean airy quarters, 
or In hot weather they will be exposed to lung dis¬ 
eases from exlnalatlons of fermenting manure, etc. 
Use jdaster freely In stables and fowl houses to 
arrest ammonia; dry soil Is almost equally as good. 
Fowls, If confined, should have fresh water and 
fresh sods daily, and every few days their scratching 
ground should be forked up and freshened. Especi¬ 
ally provide good dusting boxes, and fresh water. 
Cattle .—In providing for an Increase of stock in 
the natural way, let no penny-wise policy Interfere 
with the employment of the very best male animals. 
Use only well-bred bulls of ouc of the approved 
breeds. Shorthorn, Devon, Ayrshire, Alderney, etc.. 
If they can be found within a reasonable distance. 
Sheep .—Wo approve of early shearing, without 
washing, as explained hist month. Tub washing 
has fewer objections than stream washing, and one 
linjiortant recommendation of It, to us. Is, that the 
greater part of the yolk, or grease, may be saved for 
manurial purposes. This advantage Is, however, 
we believe, generally overlooked. “Beware of 
dogs.” Secure through legislation on the subject. 
If i»oaslblc, and the carrying out of good laws. Dip 
the entire flock in some approved dip, as soon as 
the sores caused by shearing are entirely well, and 
there are no sun scalds or other open or tender 
spots on the sheep. The dips all have some very 
active poison, arsenic, tobacco, etc., as their bases, 
and must be used with great care. 
Orcliurd aiul Xiirsery. 
If the often repeated Injunctions to make war on 
L,sects have been followed, the orchard will be 
nearly free from these pests. If a nest or cluster of 
eggs has escai>cd, the insects will be the more 
readily seen on account of their rarity. 
Moths may be killed in great numbers by keep¬ 
ing fires or putting Lanterns in the orchard at night. 
The mack-knot, which superficial observers ascribe 
to Curcullo, but which might as well be charged to 
lobsters, will appc;»r on cherries and plums, burst¬ 
ing up through the bark. Cut and bum at its first ap¬ 
pearance, and don’t wait until it gets old and bhack. 
Ih uniny is be.st done thi.s month, if trees have 
been so neglected as to need it. Make an open and 
well balanced head, and remove all limbs that crowd 
and chafe others. If melted grafting wax be 
brushed over the wounds, it will facilitate their 
healing The rubbing off of superfluous shoots, as 
they start on young trees, will save much cutting 
next vesir. Remove suckers. 
Grafts will need looking to, and will be making a 
vigorous growth. If some of the shoots get the 
lead of others, pinch their growing points. A 
graft should be treated just as if it were a young 
tree — indeed it is a young tree planted in 
another instead of being planted in the soil. Where 
two grafts have been set, and only one is needed, 
cut out the weaker one of tlic two. 
ShooU from buds or stoek grafts will often be so 
vigorous and succulent as to be easily broken by 
the wind, all such should be properly staked until 
the stem becomes strong and woody. 
Jinrer* -June is the time when most of the eggs 
are laid, especially of the peach-tree borer. If it 
were generally understood that the egg of the borer 
was laid on the out„idc of the trunk, there hatched, 
and tint the maggot worked its way into the tree, 
the remedies would be more intelligently applied. 
Anv impediment will prevent the iincct from de¬ 
positing its eggs, and the various remedies ofgrow- 
iii'^ taiizy Close to the tree, piling stones around it, 
IxTaping tobacco stems, earth, or ashes, around it, all 
act upon the same princii>lc—that of imposing an 
obsta.-le to the l>arcnt insect. The simplest way is 
wrap the base of the tree with brown paper for 
a foot or so above the ground, letting the lower 
edge of the paper go below the surface of the soil. 
Of course all borers already in the tree must bo 
probed out A wound or depression in the bark 
will show where they have entered ; one who has 
a proper regard for his trees will examine them 
frequently, and if there are any signs of the borer, 
not rest content until it has been killed. The point 
ofa knife will frequently do the work, but if the 
grub has peuetrated deeply, cut aholo witli a gouge 
and follow him up with a wire or flexible strip of 
whalebone. Don’t leave the tree until you arc 
sure that every grub in it is dead. 
The Curculio will now need attention if one 
would have plums or cherries. All “ applications” 
have so fur been found useless. Nothing sen’es 
save jarring the trees and catcliing and killing the 
insect This should be done every morning, early. 
Various contrivances for catching the insect have 
been proposed, but any one with a little ingenuity 
can arrange a convenient cloth for the purpose. A 
sudden jar is needed to throw the insect down, and 
it is a good plan to saw off a useless limb and leave 
a but against which to strike with a wooden m.illet. 
The Slug, a green slimy and disgusting thing, now 
appears on the leaves of cherry and pear trees. It 
is soft, and seems to be easily killed by any dry 
powder. Dusting lime over the trees is the old 
and effectual remedy, and Thomas, who is good 
authority, says that dry road dust will answer .as 
well. We sometime ago suggested the use of white 
hellebore, but have not heard of its trial. 
Aphides, or plant lice, often gather in such quan¬ 
tities on the young growth of fruit trees as to 
bhacken them. They of course do much injury, 
and should be treated to an infusion of tobacco 
mixed with soft soap, which is readily applied by 
means of a syringe or garden engine. 
Mulch newly transplanted trees before the 
drouth comes on, it will often save those that 
would otherwise perish, especially stone fruits. 
Layers sliould be made as noted on page 222. 
Seed beds of fruit and ornamental trees will need 
special care this month. Thin where the plants are 
too much crowded, and shade b}’ means of a lattice 
of lath. If evergreen seedlings show signs of 
“ damping off,” as the gardeners c.all it, or rotting, 
sprinkle an inch or so of fine dry sand over the bed. 
Evergreens may be removed this month if suflicient 
care be taken to keep the roots from drying. Single 
trees, hedges, or screens may be trimmed, always 
keeping the upper branches shorter than the lower 
ones. Have the tree “ furnished ” to the ground. 
Thinning of fruit may be commenced as soon as 
it is seen what the “ set” is. There is but little 
d.anger of removing too much. Most of our careful 
cultivators flnd^it necessary to thin two or three 
times. There is no danger of taking off too much. 
Cuf/»ya/»oft.—That is a frequent stirring of the soil, 
around newly planted trees, is of the greatest im¬ 
portance. It is now conceded that mellow earth is 
one of the most valuable kinds of mulch. Besides, 
it is of importance to keep down 
Weeds, which should never be seen in a well-kept 
Nursery or Orchard. As to whether he should grow 
Crops in the Orchard, sec our notes last month. 
Fruit Garden. 
The notes in regard to pruning, insects, thinning 
fruit, and cultivation, given under Orchard, app y 
with even more force to the Fruit garden, where we 
suppose the highest culture is practised. 
Dwarf trees will need to be formed by pinching, 
and whatever system is followed should be faith¬ 
fully carried out. Every grower of dwarf trees, 
which he means to keep as dwarfs, should rc.ad 
Rivers’ Miniature Fruit Garden. If one wishes to 
Exhibit fruit at any of the coming fairs, he shou.d 
bc<dn to prepare his specimens. The fine shows 
made of large fruit are produced by severe thinning 
and high feeding and mulching. We have not 
much s^ipathy with this culture, but if one is to 
practise it, it is well to begin in season. 
Currants will now be making many useless 
shoots, which should be rubbed out as they start. 
Mulching the soil will increase the size of the fruit. 
On the first appearance of the currant worm, dust 
the bushes with white helleboie. The same re¬ 
marks as to general treatment, apply to 
Ooosel>erries, which, if marketed, as well as cur¬ 
rants,bring bettor prices when green than when ripe. 
If mildew appears on the bushes, use sulphur freely. 
Jiaspberries and Blackberries of those varieties dis¬ 
posed to make suckers, should have all removed 
that are not needed for new plants. Tic up the 
new growth to stakes or trellises, or in field culture 
stop the canes at the bight of four or five feet, 
.and make them self-supporting. 
Grapes should have all superfluous shoots rubbed 
off. Do not let young vines overbear. One bunch 
to the shoot is enough for the first year. More 
failure of varieties is due to over fruiting, when 
the vine is young, than to any real fault of the 
variety. On old vines pinch off the fruiting shoot 
at three leaves beyond the last cluster. Never re¬ 
move leaves to expose the fruit to the sun. The 
leaves do the work, .and the bcfi'ies develop best 
when shaded. Keep young vines to a single cane. 
Use sulphur freely on the first appearance of mil¬ 
dew. For the larger insect pests, such as beetles 
and caterpillars, hand picking is the only remed}'. 
Strawberries must be mulched before the fruit 
gets large. Use straw, dry hay, corn stalks, or 
similar material. Saw-dust is bad, as it soils the 
fruit almost as much as earth. In hill or row cul¬ 
ture, keep the runners off and keep all plantations 
free of weeds. See article on picking on page 220. 
Kitclicii Oar<l<;ii. 
The most important crop to be looked after this 
month is weeds. A sharp steel rake or a hoe-rake 
should be kept in constant use, and in a properly 
managed garden no w'ced will get so large that it 
cannot be demolished by the use of one of these. 
It tokes but little time to go over the garden with 
a rake, and if it be frequently done, it will save 
much subsequent digging with the hoc. Very few 
people have an idea of how a g.arden should be 
kept, and they would get a good lesson if they 
could but see some of the market gardens around 
New York City, w'hcre gardening is not pursued 
for pleasure, but on high priced lands and for the 
money that is to be made out of it. 
Beplantiug will be necessary w'hen late cold rains 
have caused the early sowing to rot, or where late 
frosts have destroyed the crop. Most thinp, in 
northern climates, sown the first of June, will in 
the end do .as well as if put in earlier. 
Asparagus should not be cut too late. 'When 
peas arc ready, stop cutting, hoe over the bed, and 
if there is any good compost at hand, give it a top 
dressing, and then let. the tops have their own 
way, and grow to give strength to the roots. 
Beans may still be planted for snaps or dried 
beans. Limas in cold localities may still be planted. 
The best for late plantings is the small hra.a. See 
notes under this head last n^ontli. 
Cabbages, Cauliflowers, Broccoli, and Brussels 
Sprotds.—Thc early cabbages and cauliflowers frorn 
cold frames will be ready for use or m.arket, and 
the ground may be cleared for other crops. In 
whatever condition the crops may be, they should 
be kept well hoed until they get too large to work 
among Set out plants for late crops, and look 
for tl.= cut worn. Its holes ere css.ly found, 
and when its retreat is discovered, dig out and dc- 
“ror 1“ Brnall plantings it may be well to wrap 
the s cm of the plant with a leaf or bit of paper as 
I proycntlou, hut on » lsr.-e scale tins .s not p^c- 
tiiablc. Sec article on transplanting on page 221. 
n. t. Keen down the weeds and thin freely. 
Twin noVbe rea^dy for use. The thin¬ 
nings ofihe beet crop make excellent greens. Sow 
seeds of the Long Blood for a late crop. 
Carrots may still be sown. The early ones must 
be thinned and weeded, ^arly 
larger than a fiiHjer,bring a good price m the market. 
