1867.] 
AMERICAN AGRICUETURTST 
DRAINli\(; FOR PROFIT 
AXD 
'DRAINING FOR HEALTH. 
By CEO. E. W.VIUXG, Jii., 
XXOKKKKR OP TUK DRAIXAOK OP CEXTRAli PARK, N£W YORK. 
IlluHtruted. 
TABLE OF CONTENTS: 
LAXD TO liE DRAIN El) AND THE 
liE.\SOXS WUY.—Indications of tlie nee<l of draining.— 
Sources of water.—Objections to too much water.—Wet 
sab-soll. 
HOW DRAINS ACT AND HOW 
THEY AFFECT THE SOIL.—Cliamcterlstlcs of well laid 
tile drain.—Surface-water and rain water bcncflclal, 
springs and soakage water Injurious.—Cracking of stiff 
clays.—Evaporation and filtration.—Rain fall.—Evapor¬ 
ation.—Temperature. — Drought. — Porosity or mellow¬ 
ness.—Chemical action In the soil. 
HOW TO (iO TO WORK TO LAY 
OUT A SYSTEM OF DRAIXS.-Amatenr draining.— 
Maps.—Levelling Instruments.—Outlets and location of 
drains.—Main drains. —Spring water. — Fall. — Tiles.- 
Depth and distance apart.—Direction of laterals.—Col¬ 
lars.—Discharge of water from drains. 
HOW TO MAKE THE DRAINS.— 
Tools.—Marking the lines.—Water courses.—Outlet.— 
SUt Basins.—Opening the ditches.—Grading.—Tile laying. 
—Connections.—Covering the tile and filling In.—Collect¬ 
ing the water of springs.—Amending the map. 
HOW TO TAKE CARE OF DRAINS 
AND DR.\IVED L.\ND.—Removing obstructions.—Mis¬ 
take of substituting large tiles for small ones which have 
become obstructed.-Heavy lands should not bo tram¬ 
pled while wet. 
WHAT DR.VINING COSTS, 
Draining, expensive work.—Their permanence and last¬ 
ing effects.—Cheapness versus economy.—Details of cost. 
—{1. Engineering and Superintendence.—2. Digging the 
ditches.—3. Grading the bottoms.—I. Tile and tile laying. 
—5. Covering and flUiug.—6. Outlets and Silt Basins.! 
WILL IT PAY ? 
Increased crops required to pay cost of draining.—(Com, 
AVheat, Rye, Oats. Potatoes, Barley, Hay, Cotton, Tobac¬ 
co.)—Instances of profit.—Benefit of draining In facili¬ 
tating Csrin work. 
HOW TO MAKE DRAINING TILES. 
Materials.-Preparation of earths.—.Moulding tile ma¬ 
chines.—Drying and rolling.—Burnlng.-Kllns.—General 
arrangement of a tilery. 
THE RECLALMING OF SALT 
.MARSIIE.S.—Extent of marshes on the Atlantic Coast.— 
The English Fens.—Harlaein Lake.-The exclusion of sea 
water.—Removal of the causes of Inundation from the 
upland.—Removal of rain fall and water of filtration.— 
Embankments.—Muskrats.—Rivera and Creeks.—Outlet 
of drainage. 
MALARIAL DISEASES. 
Fever and .\gnc.—Xenrnlgla.—Vicinity of New York.— 
Dr. Bartlett on Periodical Fever.-Dr. .MetcalPa Report 
to U. 8. Banltary Comml8-<lon.—La Roche on the effects 
of .Malarial Fever.-Dr. Salisbury on the “Cause of Ma¬ 
larial Fevers.”—English experience.-Reports to the 
British Parliament.—Cause of Malaria removed by 
draining. 
HOUSE AND TOWN DRAINAGE. 
Sewerage.-The use of pipes.—The new outfall sewers In 
Ixindon.—Tile use of steam pumps to secure outlets.— 
Utilisation of sewage matters In agriculture.-Effects of 
Imperfect house drainage on health.—Typhoid fever.- 
The Westminster fever In London.—Epidemic at the 
Maplowmid Young Ladies Institute In nttslleld. Mass.— 
Lambeth Square, London.—Buck drainage,—Water sup¬ 
ply.—General Board of Health, (England). 
SENT POST-PAID. PRICE, $1.50. 
ORANGE JUDD & CO., 
41 Park Row New-York. 
205 
A NEW WORK. 
SMALL FEDTT CULTUEIST. 
By ANDREW 8. PULLER, 
PBACTICAL nOBTIOrLTCBiaT, KIDQKWOOD. BBBQEK CO., N. J. 
A new work, and the only one devoted to Small Fruits. 
Special treatises of this kind have the advantage that the 
author can more tlioroughly discuss his subject, and go 
Into greater detail, than in a work embracing both large 
and small fruits. The work covers the whole ground ol 
Projiagatlon, Culture, Varieties, Packing for Market, etc. 
CoNTBNTs: Introduction— I. B.vrberuy— II. Straw¬ 
berry— III. Raspberry- IV. Blackberry— V. Dwarf 
Ceterry- VI. Currant— Vn. Gooseberry— VIH. Cor- 
NELLAN Cherry— IX. Cranberry— X. Huckleberry— 
XI. SuEPERDiA— XU. Preparation fob Gatuerino 
Fbuit. 
We predict that this work will bring Mr. Fuller many 
enemies, as he ha.s given his opinion about varieties 
without reserve. On the other hand it will the more 
strongly endear him to all trae lovers of horticulture, as 
these wish to have the merits of fhilt given without refer¬ 
ence to the persons who introduce them. 
While very full on all tlio small fruits, the Currants and 
Raspberries have been more carefully elaborated than 
ever before, and In this important part of his hook, the 
anthor has liad the invaluable counsel of Charles 
Downing. The chapter on gathering and packing fruit 
Is a valuable one, and in it are figured all the baskets 
and boxes now in common use. The hook is very finely 
and thoroughly illustrated, and makes an admirable 
companion to his Orapo Culturist. 
SENT POST-PAID. PRICE, fl.50 
NEW YORK: 
ORANGE JUDD & CO.^ 
41 PARK ROW, 
HINTS TO HORSE-KEEPERS, 
A COMPLETE 
MANUAL FOR HORSEMEN. 
< BY THE LATE HENRY WILLIAM HERBERT. 
(FRANK FORESTER.) 
Beautifully Illustrated. 
HOW TO BREED A HOUSE.— 
STALLION.—National Value of tlie Horse— 
The best cl^ of Horses the cheapest for all purposes— 
.^^csl’ence-Blood: what it gives 
should be on the side of the Slre-Brcecl up, not down- 
Diseases and Defects Hereditary—General Rules. 
CHOICE OP THE MARE.—Size, Symmetry and Sound¬ 
ness more Important tlmn Blood-Points of the Brood 
Hereditary-Condition of the Mare — 
Should have moderate work when with Foal—Pood and 
care during gestatlou—Health and temper. 
MUTUAL ADAPTATION OF SIRE AND DAM.-First 
consideration In Improvement of “ cold ” Blood—Rela¬ 
tive size of Sire and Dam—Defects in either Parent- 
How Remedied la Progeny—Bloods which “hit.” 
CANADIAN BLOOD. — The Canadian originally tho 
French Norman— Charactcristlcs—IIardihood—Speed- 
Mode of Improvement—Crossing with Thorough-breds. 
NORMAN BLOOD.—Origin and History of tho Percheron 
^lOrma^—A puro race—Characteristica ancl Points. 
MODERN ARAB BLOC)D.—^English and American Thor¬ 
ough-breds derived from Oriental Blood —are now 
superior to tho Modern Arabs—Nolan Arab. 
PONIES — DIFFERENT BREEDS 
CHARACTERISTICS AND UTILITY.—Origin-Different 
Jireccis Shetlands and Scots—Galloways and Narrasran- 
s etta— Mustangs and Indians—Profit of raising Ironies. 
now .TO BREED MULES. 
Value of Mnles--Thcir History and Natural History— 
The Mule and H nncy—Thorough-blood wasted iu the 
Dam for Mules—1 he Mule in the United States—Large 
size not Desirable-Varieties of tho Ass—Tho kind of 
Mares to be selected. 
HOW TO BUY A HORSE. 
Of whom to Buy it—Extraordinary Cheapness and Ex¬ 
traordinary Excellence not consistent with each other— 
I^lnts to be regarded—How to Examine the Eye—Broken 
Wind—Roaring—Whistling—Broken Knees—To examine 
the Legs—Splents—Damaged Back Sinews—Spavins— 
Ringbones—Curbs—How to tell tho Age of a Horse. 
HOW TO FEED A HORSE. 
Cjmseqnences of Improper Feeding—Different Food for 
different conditions—Food for the Brood Mare-for tho 
I oal—For AVorklng Uoi ses—Green Food—Carrots—Corn 
—Feeding Horses in Training—'Wlillo Travelling—Sum¬ 
mering Horses—Tho Best Method—Management of Om¬ 
nibus Horses in New York. 
HOW TO STABLE AND GROOM A 
HORSE.-Requisites for a good Stable—The economy of 
Proper Arrangements—Ventilation—Grooming; its ne¬ 
cessity for all descriptions of Horaes—How Performed— 
Clothing—Treatment; when brought in from Work. 
HOW TO BREAK, AND USE A 
HORSE.-What Is required In a well-broken Horse—His 
education should commence when a Colt—Bitting—Put¬ 
ting in Harness.—How to Use a Horse—^Travelling—Work¬ 
ing-Pleasure Horses—Punishment. 
HOW TO PHYSIC A HORSE — 
SIMPLE RE.MEDIE3 FOR SIMPLE AILMENTS.—Causes 
of Ailments—Medicines to bo given only by the order of 
the Master—Depletion and Purging—Spasmodic Colic— 
Infiammation of the Bowels—Inflammation of the Lungs 
—How to Bleed—Balls and Purgatives—Costiveness— 
Cough—Bronchitis—Distemper—Worms—Diseases of tho 
Feet—Scratches—Thrush—Broken Knees. 
FARRIERY, ETC. 
Castration— Docking and Nicking — Blood-letting— 
Treatment of Strahis and Wounds—Galls of tlie Skin- 
Cracked Heels—Clipping and Singeing—Administering 
Medicines-Diseases of the Feet. 
HOW TO SHOE A HORSE. 
Unsklllfiil Shoers—Anatomy of tho Food Illustrated— 
The Foot of a Colt—Preparation of the Foot—Remon ing 
the Old Shoe—Paring the Foot—The Shoe—Fitting tho 
Shoe-)Naillng—Number of Nails—Diseases of the Foot. 
BAUCIIER’S METHOD OF TRAIN¬ 
ING HORSES.—What Constitutes a Well-trained Horse— 
To make him come at your call—The Philosophy of 
Training—Flexions of the Jaw—Flexions of the Neck— 
Flexions of the Croup—Backing—The I’aces—Leaping. 
HOW TO RIDE A HORSE. 
The Saddle—The Girths—The Stlrmps—Saddle-Cloths— 
The Crupper—The Martingale — Tho Bridle—Spurs— 
Mounting and Dismounting-The Scat—Tho Hands— 
The Legs—Tho Paces—Hints for Special Cases—Tho Art 
of FaUing—Riding with Ladles. 
LADIES’ RIDING—WRITTEN BY 
A LADY.—l.camingtoRlde—Tho Side-saddle—The Girths 
—The Stirrup—The Bridle—Tho Martingale—The Bit— 
The Dress—Mounting and Dismonutiug—Tho Position— 
Tho Hands—Tho Leg and Whip—Accidents. 
HOW TO DRIVE A HORSE. 
The Art of Dri vlng—Pleasure Drlving--now to Holdtho 
Reins-Driving a Pair—Four-ln-liand Driving-Driving 
Working Horses—Plowing—Three-a-breast. 
RAREY’S SYSTEM OF IIORSE- 
TAMING.—Rarev’s System a New Dlscovci'y-Previous 
Jlorse Down—Finale—Vices and* Bad Habits— Bearing— 
Klcklng—Baulklng—Pulling ou the Halter—Shying. 
VETERINARY IIOMCEOPATIIY. 
Principles of tho System—Table of Romcdles--Genernl 
Directions—Treatment of a Sick Animal—Dlct-l.emo- 
dies for Speclilc Cases—Glossary of Diseases. , 
l.^rao. laa p.-Sent by mail post-paid. $1.75. 
ORANGE JUDD & CO., 
41 Park Row, New York, 
