1807.] 
T^t-oueciU constant atteiili^,, wormin ' ami 
Buckenn^', to throw the whole growth into the 
i-aves until they are ripe. This may be known 
by a certain turgid and swollen look which the 
surface assumes, quite distinct from that of tlic 
at the 
fe nd, ill the heat of the forenoon, turned repeat¬ 
edly and with great care not to break the leaves, 
breaking, hung m airy sheds, or buildings made for 
tlic purimse. We believe t he best mode of hangin- 
!ir, “in for March, 
bV>l (p. 70,) as practiced by .Mr. Joseph Reader, of 
Bordentown, N. J. The plants are hung upon Ion 
cords by taking half hitches about the huts The 
cords are draw n up as fast as the plants arc put on 
and fastened at the top of the building, as close as 
they can hang, and a moderate circulation of air 
above, below, and through the plants, given. 
Turnips.—Sow early in the month, and up to the 
10th or loth below latitude 40-', putting them In 
wherever there is ground not otherwise occupied. 
A r.prinkrmgofbonc-du.st or superphosphate of lime 
with wood-ashes, will tell flnely upon the crop. 
Bmkwheat may be sowed on ground not liable to 
early frost, as late ns the first of the month, per- 
Jiaps, and make a crop—Imt sowed any time before 
the 20th, it will make a line mass of green manure 
to be plowed in as soon as it is touched by 
frosts, or when blossoming freely, if frosts hold off. 
Land intended for winter wheat will prob¬ 
ably need once or twice plowing and harrowing, 
and it a good dressing of fine compost can be ap¬ 
plied, all the better. Sow at the end of this month 
or flr.^t of nc.\t. Use the drill. Put wheat on 
AMERICAN AGRICUETURIST 
well drained or natur.illy dry land. If it does not 
winter-kill, water in the soil will prevent the crop 
being profitable. Wijcat needs thorough tillage. 
Oats. Harvest before fully ripe, and thus secure 
better e*raw for feeding, and equally good grain. 
Sted Crtim.—The selection should be made at 
harvest time, when the best grain is allowed to get 
fully ripe before cutting. If this is not done, select 
at once the best sheaves, have them threshed, and 
cull out the best kernels by repeated winuowings. 
^Sfaefaf.—Examine as soon as they have time to 
settle, and rc-top, thatch or straighten them up, if 
necessary, using braces set .against upright planks. 
Grass and Clover.—li the object in bringing any 
flchl under the plow is to get it in good grass :i^in, 
it is often best to sow t he seed by itself as soon as the 
land is in proper condition. Grain detracts from 
the sulwcquent grass crops. Timothy, orchard 
grass, and blue grass may be sown by themselves 
in August or September. Use au .abundance of 
seed, bush it, .and roll it in, with a light dressing 
of ashes, guano, or fine corai>ost. Clover may also 
be sown now,but spring sowing is usually preferred. 
Roll clover seed in gypsum,.and sow both together or 
separately; one ton to ten acres is the common rule, 
TI<i/cr. Look out fora w.atcr sttpply when springs 
arc low, and tile-drains arc generally dry or dis¬ 
charging verj' little water. Take levels, and see if 
you m.ay not bring water in pipes to the house or 
stock-yard, .and dig b.asins in the pastures. If wells 
arc to be dug, or if digging them has been sus¬ 
pended on .account of much water, a time of drought 
is favorable for this work. No farmer should be 
satLsfled until he has good wells or running w.ater 
close to, or in, his barn or stock-yards. 
Implements for which there is no more use this 
season, should be cleaned, painted, the steel parts 
cc»vercd with linseed oil, and put .away. 
Brash in Ihstures and Fence Rows .—Cut close to 
the ground, and lay the tops otf to give the sun a 
fair chance at the root.s. It will p.ay to lift a fence 
after cutting off the brush, and tear up the 
ground with a heavy plow, and then rc-setthe fence. 
Should rains occur, or if the ground be moist, and 
the brush start .ag.ain freely, enclose sheep upon the 
land, stocking so hc.avily that they cit everything 
off close, and give the roots no chance to breathe. 
Weeds.—Go over gniss land, cutting docks, dan- 
dcllon.s, burdocks, thistles, nettles, wild teazles, 
mullcin.s, with a “ spud.” Wild c.arrots and .asters 
seed sbdks, and long before the first blossom. 
i%.,.-^ut the heads or tu.ssocks at the surface 
c\el, splitting the big ones, and lay them up to dry 
or burning. Much good bedding stuff may be cut 
ftom bog land this month ; it should all be secured 
275 
Orcliurd and Xiirsery. 
The .attention of the fruit grower will now be de¬ 
manded by the early ripening products of his or¬ 
chard. In the southern fruit regions, the harvest 
has already begun, and supplies are rapidly comin<v 
l^orward by rail. Peaches, this year, arc more abiiir- 
dant than they have been in years p.ast, and only 
the best prices will be brought by selected 
fruit In gathering the larger fruits for marketim-- 
a knowledge of the m.anner of ripening, of the dif¬ 
ferent varieties is important As a general rule, 
the truit should remain upon the tree until it is 
well formed, but not until it softens or mellows. 
It should reach the retailer in sound condition! 
A.t.wtiw/7.—This is a more profit.able operation 
than is generally supposed, and the larger the fruit 
the better docs it pay to make at le.ast two qualities 
by selection. Where careful thinning has been done, 
there will be less to go with the second qualit}'! 
Careful handling, at every step, from gatherin"- 
the fruit from the branch, to the final delivery o'f 
the pack.nges, is essential to its reaching the dis¬ 
tant market and the customer in good order. 
Tl’ans arc, almost without exception, improved by 
early picking and ripening in-doors. 
Ladders of various kinds should be in readiness, 
and should be self supporting. AVe have, during 
the past year, figured scver.il ladders of this kind! 
Insects, especially the moths, m.ay be sensibly 
diminished if the fallen fruit be gathered up, and 
fed to the swine. Plant lice are easily killed by 
strong soap, or tobacco water, and some prefer a 
mixture of the two. The great trouble is, that these 
pests come in such numbers, and are usually on the 
a cry ends of the twigs, where they seem so inac¬ 
cessible, th.at the}’ are generally allowed to have 
their own way. There are now'many efficient and 
cheap engines for throwing washes into trees. 
Btidding will continue, and may be done where- 
ever the bark of the stock runs freely, and good buds 
can be obtained. The maturity of buds ma.y be 
hastened by pinching off the ends of those shoots 
from which they are to be taken. The usual order 
is cherry, plum, jrcar, apple, cherry on dw’arf (Ma- 
haleb) stock, peach, and quince. The stocks budded 
earlier should be looked to, and the tying not 
allowed to become too ti<rht. 
ii“!)V‘ and^" the fruit 
off, and give the new canes full scope 
^b-aw&ern-e5.-In a large way spring planting is 
preferable, but small beds may with proper carf be 
dvantageously made in autumn. Indeed, where 
the precaution has been taken to start the runners 
in small pots, they may be set at any time. Where 
plants are grown in row or hill culture, the runners 
aie to be kept off, and weeds pulled from the rows. 
Weeds.—Clean culture is as necessary in the fruit 
garden, as elsewhere. A mellow soil is secured by 
frequent working, and there will be much less suft 
fu-mg from drouth if the soil is stirred or mulched 
Water only when absolutely necessarv, as it some¬ 
times uill be with trees set last spring; remove 
ntly, Avheu it has soaked away, replace the earth. 
Layer Shnibs, protect seed beds from scorching, 
aud gather t)-ee seeds as directed Iasi mouth. 
Fruit <)larclcn. 
As the fruits ripen in succession, the surplus w ill 
need to be preserved in some form. Bottling or 
canning is of course the best plan, but drying is 
better than no method of preserving. Some hints 
on this matter arc giA'cn in our household p.agcs. 
Blackbcrrio! are to be kept low aud in a coinjaact 
form, as recommended on page 292. 
Dwarf Trees .—Pinch in rampant shoots, especial¬ 
ly on young fruit trees, and continue to rub out 
those that jiusli where they are not Avanted. Fruit 
may still be thinned, especially of those kinds that 
groAV in clusters, and are nj)t to harbor insects. 
Pick early varieties of pears for house ripening. 
Grapes. —MildcAV should not be alloAved to get 
the ui>pcr hand. The timely dusting of sulphur 
Avill usually arrest it. AVc last year figured the 
bclloAVs used for the purpose. Keep groAving 
shoots tied up to stakes and trellises. AVc know of 
no better Avay to deal Avith caterpillai-s than hand 
picking. AVhere the number of vines is not large, 
frequent and persistent search Avill soon free them 
of these destructive .agents. 
Raspberries .—Xlic general way is to remove the 
old canes in si)ring, but in garden culture it is but 
Kitchen Onrclen. 
mJf.r'lllm'T tUls 
month will be one of compar.ative leisure to the 
gardener. Still he must look out for his future in¬ 
terests in the careful saving of seeds, and occupy 
giound cleared of early crops Avith such late ones 
as may be desirable aijd w’hich have timb to grow. 
Asparagm —Om beds will only need to have the 
coarse weeds pulled out. Seed beds, properly hoed 
and thinned, will give better plants at a year old 
than those neglected and over-cpowded will furnish 
.at the end of tAvo years. 
&a}i.s.—T\ic bush A'.arieties may be planted fol¬ 
iate crops, and to give a supply for salting. 
Beets.—Gi\c plenty of room in the roAvs, aud thin. 
Cabbages aud Cauliflowers.—Tlaots, especially in 
the Avarmer States, may be set for a late crop. Lime 
will destroy slugs, and also prevent club-foot. 
Cairots.—Hoc, thin, and Aveed, and if young roots 
are desired, seed of the early sorts may be soAvn. 
eWen/.—Plants may still be set with the prospect 
of fair-sized roots by frost. Keep the earlier planted 
free of weeds, and the soil melloAV by frequent use 
of the cultivator or hoe. At the end of the month 
commence to earth up the more advanced plantings. 
Cbi-M.-Save seed from the finest and earliest cars. 
Cucumbers Avill need picking OA'cr every day or 
every two da}s at least, if small pickles are Avauted. 
E<jg Plants. Caterpillars AA'ill often make great 
havoc Avitli the leaves, and must be picked off. Give 
liquid manure, and keep the heavy fruits from 
confcict with the ground by the use of mulch. 
AVifftw.—Transplant a foot .apart each Avay, and 
SOAV seeds for the latest crops and for Avinter use. 
//er6s.—Cut and dry as they begin to fioAver. 
Lettuce, Soav small quantities for succession. 
3/elons.—Increase the size and quality of the fruit 
by preventing the A’ines from overbearing. Save 
seed only from those varieties that liaA-e grown at 
a distance from other plants of the same nature. 
Onton.A.—Harvest as soon as the tops fall over. 
Those that are to be stored for AA'intor should be 
thoroughly dried. Take up onion sets, dry them, 
and spread Avith their tops on in au airy loft, put¬ 
ting them not over four inches deep. 
Radishes.—^o\y early sorts, if Avanted so late in 
the se.ason. The best Avijitcr radish is the Chinese 
Rose-colored Winter, Avhich m.ay be soAA-n noAV or 
later, and trc.ated in all respects like turnips. If 
sown too early, it Avill get overgrown. 
Spinach .—Some may be soAvn for fall cutting, but 
the crop for next spring’s use should not be put in 
until next month. 
Squashes .—Seed of the early kinds should be se¬ 
cured. Let the vinos of the running sorts take 
root at the joints. Crush .all the eggs found on 
the underside of the Ic.aA-es. Examine often. 
Sweet Potatoes .—If the soil be kept mellow and 
free from weeds, there is no difliculty in getting a 
satisfactory crop. At the North, it is not advisable 
to allow the vines to root at the joints, nor is it 
Avell to clip them, as it diminishes the ci'op. 
Tomatoes .—The great enemy to the tomato is the 
