1867.] 
capped by “Emerson’s Ventilators," of the 
largest size, and cause a constant change of air 
in the stables, the draft being ordinarily suffi¬ 
cient to be felt like a fresh breeze by raising the 
hand anywhere within a few feet of the open- 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURTST. 
Fhf. 3. —PLAN OP FBBDINO FLOOR. 
ings. This keeps the air in the whole establish¬ 
ment sweeter and purer tlian in most dwellings. 
The windows on all sidesof this floor are of large 
size, with double sashes, hung with weights. 
Under the main drive-way is a fire-proof 
room, intended for an engine, but not now in 
use for that purpose. When this is set and in 
operation, it will, we presume, do away with 
horse-power for elevating and carrying hay, 
cutting hay, stalks, and straw, grinding apples, 
and grain, and the boiler will furnish steam 
for cooking hay and cattle fodder. 
The Barn Cellar. —This is arranged for 
hogs, roots, and manure. The fixed partitions 
in it are only two—the one enclosing the root 
cellar, and the other, outside of that, shutting off 
a wide, cemented passage way, extending from 
the door at the northeast corner, around two 
sides of the root-cellar. (See fig. 4.) The rest 
of the cellar is occupied by the manure, and 
hogs are enclosed upon different parts of it, ac¬ 
cording to convenience. That part of the cel¬ 
lar wall against the side-hill, is very sub¬ 
stantial, and laid up of cement concrete. Part 
of the remaining walls are brick, and in these 
are ordinary windows; in the remaining portion 
of the walls wooden partitions are inserted be¬ 
tween the posts. These, as a general rule, 
consist of an upper portion hinged to the sill of 
the building, which may be raised and hooked 
up ^nst the ceiUng, and of a lower part, like a 
solid fence-panel, which two men can take out 
and set at one side, affording entrance for carts 
or cattle from the barn yards. The upper parts 
of these door-like walls are, in most cases, fur¬ 
nished with largo sashes, so that, whether open 
or shut, tho cellar is very light. 
The hog pens are formed by dividing the cel¬ 
lar off as convenience and necessity dictate, into 
larger or smaller yards, by means of substantial, 
open fence-panels. Thus, the hogs may be 
placed anywhere on the manure, or their range 
may be restricted, so as to allow a considerable 
part to be occupied by cattle. The cellar affords 
abundant room to work over the manure, and 
make regular compost heaps, if 
desired. The two large hog-pens 
are so far fixtures that platforms 
(2, fig. 4) are set, upon which the 
hogs are fed, and which prevent 
a waste of food. 
■^The Yards are open to the 
south and east, and contain large 
troughs supplied with running 
water, and racks for fodder. No 
water flows into them except the 
direct rain-fall, the entire build¬ 
ing being furnished with eave- 
troughs and conductors; and the 
wash of the yards being collect¬ 
ed is conducted to vats where 
it can be pumped over the ma¬ 
nure heaps. Even this is not 
suflBcient to keep the immense 
heaps of manure in a suitably 
moist condition at all times, and 
so a hose is attached to a hy¬ 
drant to wet them down 
occasionally. We append 
some memoranda receiv¬ 
ed from Mr. Lyman, in 
response to questions pro¬ 
posed by us, which leave 
little else for us to say in 
regard to this most com¬ 
modious and substantial 
barn. It is exceedingly 
roomy and comfortable 
for men and beasts, at all 
seasons. It thoroughly protects ani¬ 
mals, and their fodder, with all farm pro¬ 
ducts, implements, and manure, from the 
weather, effects great saving of labor, is 
subject to easy and rapid inspection, and not 
least, it is easier for hired men to keep it clean 
and in order, than to do otherwise. The bam 
and surroundings will well repay a visit. 
Neither care nor expense has been spared to 
make the whole structure as substantial and 
convenient as possible, the material being all of 
the best quality. The whole subject has been 
under consideration,and the general plan formed, 
for several years. Mr. L. did not build until he 
felt sure he knew exactly what he wanted, and 
was ready to secure this to himself and his child¬ 
ren, at any reasonable cost. 
Mr. Lyman’s Memoranda. — Timiers, Floor¬ 
ing, Siding, Roof, etc .—Lower timbers, white 
oak, 12x14; joists, chestnut; floor, chestnut; 
rest of the frame, white pine, hemlock, and 
spruce, mainly hemlock. The long cross-beams, 
55 ft. long, squared 12 x 14 inches, are pine. 
Threshing floors, 2'‘|8-inch pine plank, grooved, 
with a tongue inserted. Bay floors, l’| g-inch 
pine, planed and matched, laid planed side 
down. Siding is pine, 10 to 12 inches wide, 
planed y—v and matched, with battening 
of this ^^ form—costs no more than plain. 
The Roof IS V\ 4-lnch,planed and matched spruce 
well slated. Furnished with Spratt’s lighminff 
wds. The Architect is R. Q. Ruggel^ New- 
The building covers more than 
one-fifth of an acre of land, and thus there is 
over three-fifths of an acre under a roof. The 
mam bam is 55 x 80 feet square; the wings, each 
56 feet long, the south one being 35, and the 
east wmg 31>|, feet wide. The four points which 
1 sought to obtain were: 1st. Economy of room 
under a given roof; 2d. Plenty of light; 3d. 
h’lenty of air, and ventilation which would draw 
off all deleterious gas as fast as generated; 
4th. Convenience, to save labor. Saving of ma- 
nure, and many other things are of course in¬ 
cluded. ^ No bam should have less thorough 
ventilation. The windows are all hung with 
pulleys, and are lowered in warm days in win¬ 
ter, and closed in cold days. This is important. 
As to Inspection .—I can in five minutes see 
whether 75 head of cattle and 8 horses are all 
right, and the work of attending them well done. 
The gables on the sides of the barn and south 
wing, give great strength to the frame, afford 
light to the floor, and in summer give a splendid 
draft of air over the floor, to say nothing of the 
beauty added to the building. 
A cheap barn can be built on this general plan 
of: Ist. Basement for manure roots and hogs; 
2d. Floor for stock, wagons, and tools; 3d! 
Floor for hay, grain, hay scales, etc. And I be¬ 
lieve that a farmer may get for the same money 
one-third more room than by the old plan. If 
a man has no side hill, let him make an approach 
or drive-way, 60 feet long, for his hay story, and 
he is just as well off. It 
is an easy matter. All ce¬ 
ment walls should be made 
- early in the season, to 
have the work get thor¬ 
oughly dry before frost. 
The mows are so large 
that I mow away no hay 
while carting, but do it the 
■plan of basement?; 
next morning.” The three 
plans are drawn to a scale 
40 feet to the inch, and in 
each the top is North. The 
storing of manure in barn-cellars is objected 
to by many farmers—but with the free use of 
dry muck, etc., as absorbents, and such perfect 
ventilation, we cannot take ground against it. 
Feeding Green Fodder. —Cattle and horses 
will eat an enormous amount of green fodder, 
if fed fresh to them in the stall. Serious evil 
sometimes comes from this practice, as the anb 
mals eat too much, and bloat, as when turned 
into rank clover. It saves labor to cut early, 
and let the corn, oats, clover, sorghum, or what¬ 
ever else used as green fodder, wilt thoroughly, 
and thus lose a good part of its water, be¬ 
fore feeding it out. Milch cows can hardly 
