346 
AMPl RICAN AC3-RICULTURIST. 
[October, 
Two Moiitlas for 
AU new mbsaiibers to the American Agricultw'ist whose 
names are received during the month of October for the 
year 1868, will receive tlie paper for tlie last 
two montlis of tliis year FiSEE. This offer 
applies to all new subscribers received in, October,, whether 
single names or memdjers of dubs. Thus, $1.50 sent us 
noio tvill secure one copy of the Agriculturist for 14 
months, {November 1867 to December 1868 inclusive); $5 
wUl pay fo)' four copies for the same time, and so of all 
our dub rates. N. B.—Tlds offer is only for October, ex¬ 
cept for names from the Paciflc Coast, and other points 
too distant to respond by the dose of the month. 
Contents for October, 1867. 
Apples—American Pomology.368 
Bam Plan for a Small Farm.3 Illustrations. NA 
Bear—The Cinnamon. Illvstrated.. 359 
Bees—Apiai-y for October.348 
Boys’ and Girls’ Columns—Porpetnal Motion—Eats — 
A Wonderful Pump—Use Plain Words—New Puz¬ 
zles to be Answered—Answers to Problems and 
Puzzles—The Catacombs—The Loving Sister—Seri¬ 
ous Disturbance.5 Illustrations. tAi 
Cows—How, Long to Milk.3Q4 
Dog Tax—Income from, in England..364 
Draining—Use of Plow in.,330 
Earth Closets vs. Water Closets.,S60 
Editorial Jottings in Europe.357 
Fairs in October.349 
Fann Work in October.. .349 
Flower Garden and Lawn in October.347 
Fowls-French Prize.2 Illustrations. .362 
Fruit Garden in October.. 
Garden—Kitchen, in October.. .347 
Grapery—Cold, in October.343 
Grapes and Grape Culture—Notes on....,305 
Green and Hot-houses in October...343 
Harvesting Corn.’ .332 
Household Department—Household Ornaments—War¬ 
dian Cases—Leaves from the Diary of a Young 
Housekeeper, No. X—Leaves from My Journal, No! 
Eecipes.3 Illustrations. .Z'il-ZTl 
Ichneumon Flies. _ —2 Illustrations. .ZIQ 
Improvement of Land by Grazing. sqq 
Market Gardening at the South.357 
Market Keports. 34g 
Milking Stool. .lllustraied.. 364 
Mixing of Varieties. 
lMEiiI€.4N A«EICULTUIi!S T. 
NEW-YORK, OCTOBER, 1867. 
_ ..368 
Nursery Trees—Packing of. 2 Illustrations. 
New Fruits and New Names... 359 
Orchard and Nursery in. October.. 347 
Orchids-A Group of. lUiisf,rated..m-Zm 
Osap Orange Hedge. Illustrated. .m 
Partridges. . Illustrated. 
Premiums—Descriptive List of. 333 333 
. 
on. Illustrated..sm 
Silk, Worms-New. 4 liix^trattons.. 363 
Spring-flowering Bulbs-The Scillas. Illustrated. 870 
Storing Root Crops. 304 
Walks and Talks on the Farm—No. 46—Drouth at 
the West—Land Occupied hy Fences—More Capital 
in Farming — How Does Farming Pay ? — Plow- 
points—Flint’s Work on Grasses. 857-358 
Wine-Making on a Small Scale. 309 
Winter Quarters for House Plants.3 Illustrations. 
Worn-Out Lands—Remedy for. 
INDBX TO “basket” OR SHORTER ARTICLES. 
A^ttoirs at Paris.360 Hams,_ Cooking. 352 
Advertisements, Good..'362 
Am. Agricult. Removed.349 
Amiiials. 354 
Apples in England....'. .’852 
Birds and Fowls.350 
Blackben-y, Kittatinny. .850 
Black Caps from Seed.. .350 
Boulevard Skirt.852 
Climate, Influence of... ..351 
Clover in Illinois..^0 
CloTOr, Pasturing;..349 
Clover, Red and White. .850 
Conn. Board Agriculture.851 
Damp Houses. 
Documents Received... .352 
Draining for Proflt.352 
Egg Hatchers.359 
Egyptian Corn.352 
Entomology, Glover’s 
Fair Am, 
Investing Money. 352 
L Illustration Horticole. ..851 
Mosquitos in Troughs.. .351 
1 ? 
Ox-Bows and Yokes. .. ’351 
rages Increased.352 
Pelargonium, Double... .350 
Cucumbers. 351 
P ants.^rand Old.359 
Plants, Gray Foliage_360 
Plants Named... 
Plaster, Use of.. .“So 
?°”°losifal Soc.’ Am'.:;352 
Poultry Disease. 359 
Raspberry, Miami_“. ,350 
Revue Horticole.!. 351 
Eisheries.... ’ 3.51 
. -SjUSeed Store Bliss’ “qko 
Fair. New England.’i’''''' •' 
Farmers’ Club... .ssls!, n ‘V, One-leaved.. 350 
Feed Cutters.....Showers..351 
Grapes at Pittsburgh;!!m w' -i-.!. 
Grasses Named. 350 .S51 
Gray’s Botany .... !'Mil 861 
October is pre-eminently the month for A,^rieul- 
tural Fairs, 'We hope all our readers M’ill he able 
to visit one or more. The problem with many a 
farmer will be how to get ahead with work enough 
to enjoy the few days spent away from the farm. 
To accomplish this—prepare for three or four rainy 
days, and then noting down, clearly, directions for 
your hands to follow, rain or shine, throw the re¬ 
sponsibility of good work and diligence upon their 
honor, and leave.—They will not disappoint yon. 
Make a pencil memorandum of every thing you 
see, or hint you get, which may be of future use, 
not as a newspaper reporter jots down evorytbing, 
but classify what is seen. Some things you can af¬ 
ford to buy at once, others you wish to inquire 
about. Some tools are better tlian you now use, 
and when yours are worn out, you will be gl.ad to 
remember wiiere they may be bought. So there 
will be knowledge and useful ideas in a perfect 
stream flowing into the mind, and 3 ^onr memoran¬ 
dum book may catch a great portion if you will. 
No weeds should he cut in dry weather. Clean 
culture is eveiy man’s theoiy. After a wet season 
like that experienced along the Atlantic Coast, 
practice and theory do not agree very well. Almost 
every farmer will need to mow and burn some 
weeds. In wet weather the seeds will shell out 
hut little. In dry weatiier many hedge rows may 
1)6 burned without cutting. Any use of tire is at¬ 
tended with danger. Take care lest it gets into the 
grass, or into the woods, or burns hejmnd control. 
A high wind may spring up witliout warning. 
Feed the land well, and it will feed you. Manure 
will not run to waste on most soils; hut for all 
our common crops, except corn, it is an advantage 
to have it several months in the sojl. It becomes 
more easily assimilable hy the plant, and, besides, 
influences decompositions, which increase the 
amount of plant food jdelded by the soil itself. 
Feed stock well. Reduce the amount of live 
stock to a winter footing as soon as possible. If 
pasturage is suddenly cut off, a large number of an¬ 
imals will be rushed into market and prices will 
fall. Stock taken up in good flesh are half wintered, 
and such animals are not on overstocked pastures. 
the season. Perishable fodder, such as pumpkins, 
soft corn, common turnips, should be provided iu 
abundance, so that the “stores” and young ani¬ 
mals can lay on a good stock of flesh, if not fat. 
Animals in good condition proverbially winter 
much more easily than thin ones. 
Cows and Sutter. —Fall butter may be nearly as 
good as that made in June. As the pastures fail, 
feed a little grain, with turnips and pumpkins, re¬ 
moving the seeds, which act on the kidneys and 
almost uniformly decrease the flow of milk. 
^ The present is often the most favorable 
time to secure a stock of sheep for fattening, 
though from the number of slieep marketed in Au¬ 
gust, it is possible that prices may be higher than 
usual in proportion. Still, sheep for this purpose 
should bo bought early, Avhile they will have the 
benefit of several weeks’ feeding. Select those in 
good condition. Provision should be made this 
month for mai'ket lambs to be dropped in March, 
by crossing a good mutton ram wdth hard^q good 
constitntioued ewes. The aF cn^.ii -.rrm i,„ 
SSisits 'W^ork, 
Buildings.—G&rlam repairs ought to be done be¬ 
fore frost, such as require work upon walls, and 
cement floors, etc., brick laying or plastering. If 
such work is not greatly needed for the comfort 
of the family or one’s stock, we advise delaying 
until spring, for it will be rare good luck if it has 
not all to he done over next season. Done after 
this month it will hardly stand at all. 
Gernent Cisterns may be set if below the reach of 
frost. Bring water to the house for the comfort 
and convenience of housekeepers and servants. 
Fences.—Poor fences are a temptation to cattle, 
and induce bad habits. Look especially to those 
around grain fields, which will be attractive. 
Fattening Animals of all kinds lay on flesh very 
rapidly as the weather grows cooler. Keep beeves 
and sheep in pasture as long as the feed is good 
but yard them at night, and feed twice a day with 
grain, if they are to he marketed soon ; otherwise 
simply feed so as to be sure they are constantly 
gaining. Pigs should have cooked food, and plenty 
of it. Push forward their fattening as rapidly as 
possible, for at no season will they gain faster. 
Keep them clean and give warm sheltered nests.’ 
Poultry also gain very rapidly, and it is best 
to fatten them on scalded meal, with com, 
wheat screenings, and other food in addition, at 
daylight in the morning, and late in the afternoon. 
Animals and Young Stock often get 
poor usage and no attention till snow falls, and the 
ground freezes solid, or the pastures give out, so 
AaI *^®^i^ter scrawny and down in 
brh^if lA'^^the stoek must 
he half fed before spring, let it be at the close of 
utioued ewes. The lambs of such will be 
strong, grow quickly, and fatten easily, Tbe ewe’s 
time of gestation averages 152 days. 
Beets, mangels, and carrots, may be dug 
as soon as the tops show that there is no longer 
vigorous growth ; at all events, before severe freez¬ 
ing. Preserve in cellars, after topping, drying, and 
laying in heaps, protected hy the tops or bagging, 
a few days, to sweat. If not stored in cellare, put 
them in dry trenches covered with straw, and bank¬ 
ed over with earth. Cabbages may he preserved in 
the same way. Rutabagas and turnips may stand 
out longer, but not until the ground freezes. The 
tops of all these roots are worth feeding to stock. 
Sow Rye throngbout the month, wheat 
in the early part only, soaking in strong brine to 
prevent smut, and dry by rolling in lime. 
Manure.-Np^\j, and plow under for spring crops; 
and dig muck for use in the yards and stables as 
an absorbent, or get out as much as possible to be 
pulverized and ameliorated by tbe fi-osts of winter. 
Flowing done at this season costs usually about 
two-thirds as much as if done in April and May, 
and on stiff soils for all crops except corn is just 
as good, or better. In ordinary shallow plow¬ 
ing, turn sod ground over flat. If in breaking up 
you plow eight or ten inches deep with the single 
plow, it makes little or no difference whether flat 
or lap furrows are turned, as the sod will probably 
be well covered, and thus rot thorousrhly. 
Com.—See article on page 362. After the grain 
IS cured, husk it, and bind the stalks in small bun- 
dies. They cure most rapidly when set up in two 
double rows leaning against poles held in crotched 
stakes, about feet high. The poles should run 
noith and south, that the bundles may ho better 
exposed to the sun. When dry, stack, protect under 
straw-sheds or barracks, or bring into the barn. 
Fmier.—Cnt for building purposes, for fence 
posts, rails, etc., and for whatever purpose dura¬ 
bility is required, and lay it up for seasoning. 
TFafer.—Bring water to house and barn by pumps 
or by pipes from springs. The pipes must be sunk be¬ 
low freezing, and the pump or spout also protected. 
Soi-ghum.—^iY\^, top, and cut that not cut last 
month. Haul at once to the miU, and have it ground 
as soon as possible. Do not strip or top before 
cutting, and when cut, bind with two strong bands 
in bundles of a size for easy handling. The leaves 
and suckers are good fodder; the seed may be 
ground and fed to sheep, swine, or cattle. 
Soiling- Crops .—Sow both wheat and rye for soil¬ 
ing in the spring. The land should he dry and well 
covered with manure; plow deeply, cross-plow 
and harrow in nearly twice the quantity of seed-! 
say 2 bushels of rye and 2}^ to 3 bushels of wheat 
The wheat should be sown first, and that early in 
the month; in fitness for cutting itwill.be fully 
two weeks later than the rye. One square rod per 
day to each cow is the common rule. It is a very 
liberal one, if no failures occur. Very late sowed 
rye does well to follow that sowed early, but is not 
so good as wheat, which excels in amount of leaf 
and sweetness. 
