AIR. H. X. DICKSOX OX THE CTECULATIOX OF THE 
8G 
Biscay and off the Portuguese coast. Between 50° and 55° N. lat. the 35 line has 
moved eastward, almost to its old position, and it is closely followed by the line 
of 34-5. 
Salter waters cover a large area to the eastward and northward, the 34 line touches 
the Norwegian coast, and the 35 line presses it closely. The lines of lower salhiity 
(33 and 34) have retreated somewliat to the east of Iceland, and salter water extends 
u]) to the south coast of that island (line of 35’2). AVest of Iceland there is an 
immense inbrease of salinity; the 35 line, which has the same position as last month 
in lat. 60°, runs almost due north to the coast of Greenland. 
Salinity has apparently increased considerably in the northern j^arts of Davis 
Straits. It seems likely that the 35 line should more closely follow that of the 34 
c/ 
west of Spitsbergen. 
Tlie general features are thus—lowering of salinity with irregular rise of tem¬ 
perature in the south-west; increase of salinity in the south (middle) and south-east; 
spreading of salter area in the' Faeroe-Shetland region, and more especially towards 
tlie Norwegian coast ; great increase of salinity west of Icelajid ; and lowering of 
salinity in mid-Atlantic just north of lat. 50° N. 
July, 1896.—The isothermal of 25° now appears iiorth of 40° N. lat. between about 
52° and 64° AA^. lony’. The 20° line starts from New A"ork and runs eastward very 
close to the 25° line, and between it and the land the distribution of temperature is 
very iii'egular, with warmer, and colder patches, but inrely falling below 10°. East 
of Newfoundland there is a considerable area of water between 5° and 10°, and otf the 
Labrador coast temperature seems to keep below 5° far to the eastward. 
In the middle south region the surface is warmer generally, the line of 20° appears 
in about lat. 42° N. and the 15° line follows the 50th parallel. The 20° line runs 
eastward to the Portuguese coast, while the line of 15° goes north-east to the iiorth of 
Ireland. 
AAAst and north-west of Scotland there is a further rise of about 1°, but the 10° and 
12° lines continue the sharp bend tov'ards S.E. shown by the 8° and 9° lines in the 
previous months. Except f(U’ a narrow band close to the land, the whole area 
between East Iceland aiid Norway is now about 5°, the 5° line cutting the 70th parallel 
in about long. 5° A¥., whence temperature falls to 0° off the Greenland coast. AA'est 
of Iceland temperature rises to 10°, and the cold waters are apparently only met with 
close to the land. Tempei'atures are also considerahlv higher towards the eastern side 
of Davis Strait. 
South of the American coast, as far east as long. 50° AA^., there is little change in 
the distribution of salinit}", but to the south-east of Newfoundland the fresher waters 
extend much further eastward, the 35 line having moved nearly to long. 40° AA^. 
East of Newfoundland, in lat. 50°, the lines have opened out, the 34 line is further 
to the west and the 35 line further east. From lono;. 40° AA^. the 35 line takes 
another bend eastward to long. 30°, recurving in a wider loop than before to the same 
