90 
MR. 11. X. DICKSON OX THE CIRCULATION OR THE 
of long. 50^ W., except in about long. 05° AV., where the 25° line .still appears. 
Near land the fall averages about 4°, and the 10° line now clears the south of New¬ 
foundland. 
East and south-east of Newfoundhand there is a very great fall of temperature ; 
the 20° line is cut through, and the 15° line bends .south to lat. 42° N. ; the curve of 
the 10° line has filled out, and moved a long way to the ea.st. 
In tlie lower latitudes the fall of temperature becomes less as we go eastward— 
till near the Portuguese coast. Near tlie Azores temperature is unchanged. The 
15° line has moved irregidarly southward except in mid-Atlantic, where it remains 
stationary. The 10° line has moved southward, and changed its form, since the 
greatest change has taken place west of the Faeroe I.slands and of long. 30° AA". 
Temperature has fallen considerably west of Iceland and in Davis Strait, and 
south of Greenland tlie distribution has liecome more uniform—note the form of 
the line t)f 7°. 
Salinity does not appear to have changed much west of long. 50°AA^., except for a 
slight increase south of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Between 50° and 40° AA"., how¬ 
ever, the i.sohalines up to 35'5 have crowded together to the N.AV. East of this the 
3G'0 line and the 35'5 lines have moved northward, and there is a marked increase of 
salinity east of 20° AV. long, up to the south-east of Iceland. Note the position 
of 3 5’3. The 35 line is also pressed towards the coast of Norway, and there is 
apparently a large surface of 35 water in the North Sea. Salinity has also increased 
to the west of Iceland. 
South of Greeidand there is a freshening of the surface watei', the bends of the 
35 and 34'5 lines retain the form shown last month, but very much compressed, and 
driven southward and eastward. Salinity has jiroliably diminished in Davis Strait— 
at least since Alay, the last month with adequate observations. 
The chief jjoints, besides the marked seasonal fall of temperature, are—great lall 
of temperature and salinity southward on the meridian of 50° AV. ; increase of salinitv 
towards the north-west, and I'elatively small change of teni 2 )ei'ature east of that line ; 
increase of salinity l)etween Scotland and Iceland, in the North Sea, and west of 
Iceland; lowering of .salinity and equalisation of temperature in the central region 
south of 60° N. lat. 
A'oveiuher, 1896.—In tins month the seasonal change becomes .still more marked, 
and, as in the season of rising tenqjerature (Alay), the distribution of tenq)erat\ire 
becomes very irregular. In mid-Atlantic, the fall of tenq)erature in the lower 
latitudes is .scarcely ap 2 )reciable—note that the 15° line has hardly moved. On the 
50th meridian, soutli-east of Newfoundland, the fall averages about 5°, but the 
isothermals retain ahno.st the .same form. AA^est of this, the fall near land is 3° to 5°, 
l)ut much less at the liead of the Gulf Stream in lat. 40° N. 
Off the European coast, the fall amounts to 2° or less, exce})t in the north, in the 
Faeroe-Iceland resrion, where the 5° and 8° lines have scarcelv moved. South of 
