92 
W,l. II. N. DICK-'^OX OX THE CTRCrLATIOX OF THE 
of Europe, while one part of the l^roken 35 line shown has moved northward, and the 
other runs along the south coast of Iceland. 
The principal features are thus—marked seasonal fall of temjDerature off the 
American coast, with increased area of salter water round the head of the Gulf 
Stream. Slight fidl of temperature in the south-eastern and eastern areas, with 
marked tendency to a more uniform distribution of both temperature and salinity. 
Jamiary, 1897.—In the lower latitudes temperature has .scarcely changed, except 
near the land—note the isotheimals of 15° and 20°. The low temperature area off 
Cape Race has extended itself eastwards, hut very slightly : the axis of the 0° line 
has not moved. In the Easteiii Atlantic temperature has fallen in the Bay of Biscay, 
to the west of Ireland and Scotland, and in the North Sea, but there is no change 
in the Eaeroe-Iceland region. In the northern region, between long. 30° and 40° AV., 
temperature has fallen very considerahlv. 
We.st of lono’. 52° AV. the isohalines have .straiRitened out ; the 30 line has altered 
little, hut lines of lower .salinity have moved southward. East of Gape Race the 
fresher waters have moved considerably to southward and eastward (note the 
30 line), wliile further south, along 50° AA^. long., tlie .salter waters tend to close in, 
o'ivinn a similar .straio’htenino’. 
o & O C? 
In tlie eastern and north-ea.stern part of the ocean there is an increase of salinity in 
all latitudes; the line of 36‘5 reappears east of long. 30° AA"., and the isohalines 30, 
35‘5, 35’3, and 35 all trend more to the nortli. In the northern region (?.c., south of 
Iceland) this increase seems to extend considerably to the westward. 
Thus we have—.small changes of temperature near 40° N. lat. ; extension eastward 
of a cold freshwater area from Cape Ptace ; in the eastern region a fall of temperature, 
decreasing northward, but a marked increase of salinity, which extends also nortli- 
westward. 
Compared with the corresponding month of 1890, the area we.st of 50° AA". long, is 
warmer and salter, the axis of greatest warmth and .salinity Ijeing more to the east. 
The same differences hold good east of C-ape Race, lienee there is not the same 
southward jirotrusion of a cold and fresh area. There is again greater warmth and 
saltness in the south-eastern region. In the Eaeroe-Iceland region temperatures 
apjiear to 1)8 lower, and probably also salinities, but it is inpiossible to be certain 
about tlie latter. In the northern central portion temperatui'es are certainly lower, 
])robably also salinities. 
Fehruary, 1897.—AVest of long. 50° AA^. a fairly uniform fall of about 5° lias taken 
place; the observations are insufficient to .siiecify details, but there does not appear 
to be much change in the general distribution. In the area between 40° and 50° N., 
and 50° and 60° AA^., the -axis of low tempei’ature has moved eastwards—a rise has 
taken place in the south-western part of the area—see line of 15°, and a fall in the 
north-eastern part—line of 10°. 
East of long. 40° AV., the line of 15° has moved .southward, the 12° line remains 
