yiB. H. X. DICKfSON OX THE CIKCULATIOX OF THE 
U(i 
June, 18‘J7.—Tlie isothermal of 20° a})pareiitly follows the 40th parallel closely 
almost all the v/ay across, repi'eseiitiiig a marked rise except at the head of the 
Gulf Stream. Temperature has also risen near the land, hut has remained almost 
steady to the south-east of Newfoundland. 
Temperature has lisen markedly everywhere else, hut on the whole uniformly ; 
the general tendency is for the isothermals to become somewhat straighter, and to 
trend mo)‘e S.W. to N.E. 
In tlie south-western region, salinity has increased to the west of long. 60° W., 
hut diminished east iind south-east of Newfoundland. North and west of the 
.Vzores salinity has increased again, the 35'5 and 36 lines have moved northward, 
and the 36’5 line reappears. The 36 line fails, however, to reach the Portuguese 
coast, and to the west of tlie British Isles salinity has diminished slightly. In the 
north-rvestern renion the 35 line has retreated south.ward and eastward. 
O 
Thus the chief changes are ;—the increased salinity in the central southern area; 
the small change of temperature and distinct fall of sadinity on the north-west and 
off Newfoundland ; and the slight fadl of salinity west of the British Isles. 
Comparing witli 1896, the distribution of temperature is more regular. West of 
long. 50° W. the waters near land are warmer, and tlie gradients seavrards not so 
steep. A lower temperature extends east from C'aiie Pace, but to tlie south-east the 
lines are ratlier more crowded together. 
In the eastern area there is little difference till we come to the Shetland-Iceland 
region, where temperature is distinctly lower—note the 10°, 8°, and 5° lines. To the 
west of Iceland and east and south-east of Greenland there is no marked difference. 
Tlie differences of salinity closely follow those of temperature in the south-west. 
The isohalines are not so crowded, the very fresh waters not extending so far south- 
As ards from the land; hut on the other liand the fresher water sIioavs farther 
eastvaird. 
Observations in the eastern region are rather deficient for 1897, lint so far as they 
go they indicate little or no difference. The 35 line is more to the westward betAA’een 
lat. 50° N. and 57° N., hut heloiv lat. 60° N. it is bent shar})ly eastward again, instead 
nf continuiim- imrthward as in 1896. 
July, 1 897.—In the south-AA'est the a.xis of higliest temperature is now far to the 
Avest in about lonir. 65° AV., AAdiere it has risen to 25°. lu about lone'. 50° AY. tern- 
perature has fallen a little, the 20° line is broken, and the 15° line is further south. 
The 10° line iioav forms a loop east of NeAAdbuudland, extending to nearh’ 40° AAh, 
and recurving AimstAA^ard at least to long. 50° AY. On the 40th meridian the isother- 
mals liarm scarcely moved; temperature lias risen toAiairds the coast of Europe, but 
the lines have straiglitened out farther. AA^est of Iceland there is a rise close to the 
land, but the direction of the isothermal has changed. Note also the changed form 
of the 10° line tS.E. of Greenland, In the south-A\estern region an immense freshen- 
ing of the surlace AAmter has taken jAlace. AAAst of long. 50° AY. the 35 line iioaa" 
