98 
MR. II. N. DICKSON ON THE CIRCULATION OF THE 
of Iceland, and in the Iceland-Scotland region, a considerable fall has taken jdace ; 
the 10° line takes a wider bend, and the 12° line is turned round into the Xorth Sea. 
To the east of Greenland the 10° line has retreated south-eastward, but in the area 
south of Greenland and east of Newfoundland and Labrador temperature has risen 
slightly, the 10° line and the 12° line being fuller. There appears to be little change 
in Davis Strait. 
Salinity has changed little under the land west of Cape Race. To the east ol 
Newfoundland the isohalines have become crowded together towards the land, and 
the 35 line has moved irregularly north-westward into the area north of 50° N. lat., 
and between long. 40° and '50° AV. The 35‘5 line appears close to the Greenland 
coast. West of the British Isles the 35’5 line has moved northward. 
The principal change is therefore the extension ot salter areas northward and 
north - westward. 
Comparison with the corresponding month of 1896 is somewhat difficult in the 
south-western regions, as the observations for this year do not extend down to lat. 
40°. Salinity is higher close to the land south and south-east of Newfoundland ; 
temperature slightly lower—the 12° line has a wider bend. In the south centre and 
south-east temperature and salinity seem nearly the same in both years, but north of 
a line joining Cape Race and the north of Scotland salinity and temperature are 
nearly everywhere liigher—note specially the 35 'pro mille and 10° lines. 
October, 1897.—A considerable fall of temperature appears all over the south¬ 
western region, but the fall is most marked round the south and east of Newfound¬ 
land, where a large area of relatively cold water runs S.AV. and N.E. East of this 
area the fall of temperature is very slight, even along the west coast of Europe to 
north-west Scotland. East and south of Iceland a considerable fall has taken place— 
note the retreat of the 8° and 10° lines, and there is another marked fall south of 
Greenland, in about lat. 55°, and from there towards the Labrador coast. 
The changes of salinity correspond to those of temperature. The cold area south¬ 
east of Newfoundland is an area of relatively fresh water : in the eastern and south¬ 
eastern regions there is little change : south of Greenland, in about lat. 55° N. a 
fi'esh water area extends eastwards, while between it and the Newfoundland area 
/ 
there is a narrow lidge of salter water pointing westward. 
The principal change is thus the extension of a colder and fresher area south and 
east from the coast of Labradoi-. 
The type of distribution of both temperature and salinity is the same as in 1896, 
but there are marked differences. The fresh cold area off N ewfoundland was broader, 
and its axis turned more east and west, in 1897 than in 1896 : in the eastern and 
south-eastern regions temperature was slightly higher in 1897, but salinity markedly 
lower. Salinity is, however, higher than in 1897 along the 55° N. lat. region west of 
long. 20° W., the ai'ea of relatively cold fresh water not extending so far eastward. 
Teniperature and salinity seem hoth lower on the western side of Davis Strait 
