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VIT, Some Additional Notes on the Orientation of Greek Temples; heincj the 
Result of a Journey to Greece and Sicily in April and May^ 1900. 
By F. C. Penrose, M.A., F.R..S. 
Eeceived January 17,—Eead February 14, 1901. 
A JOURNEY to Greece and Sicily in the spring of last year enabled me to obtain a few 
more examples of the orientation of Greek temples, and to make a correction in the 
case of one of those previously published. 
Delphi. 
At Delphi the complete clearance of the site of the Temple of Apollo allowed of 
the measures of the existing foundations being taken by direct observation, and I 
found the orientation angle to be 227° 8' ; that is, east amplitude + 42° 52'. I also 
examined more particularly the openings between the mountains which would be 
available for the sunrise. Of these there are two, one with amj^litude — 7° 42' E. 
has the altitude above the temple floor of 3° 8', reduced as respects the sun by refrac¬ 
tion to 2° 49'. The other at amplitude — 23° 16' E. with altitude 2° 6', reduced to 
1° 40'. 
The temple seems to have been rebuilt at least twice. Of the middle building (if 
the number was three) there is historical record. The terrace on which the temple 
area stands is supported by a wall of polygonal masonry, covered with inscriptions, 
from which the orientation of the present foundations differs by about 4°; I have 
presumed that this marks the line of probably the earliest foundation. The ampli¬ 
tude of —23° 16' seems to agree best with this, and that of — 7° 42' with the 
existing foundations. I have accordingly given the elements of the two separately. 
Delphi. Latitude 38° 27' 33". 
! 
Name of Orienta- 
; temjJe. Itioii angle. 
j 
Eef. 
letter. 
Details 
Stellar 
elements. 
Solar 
elements. 
Name of 
star. 
1 1 
Ancient 231° 17' 
A 
Amplitude of star or sun .... 
-42° 12'W. 
- 23° 16' E. 
€ Canis 
; temple 
B 
Corresponding altitude. 
3° 30' 
1° 40' 
Majoris; 
of 
C 
Declination. 
-29° 9' 
-16° 55' 
setting 
; Apollo. 
D 
Hour angles. 
3" 51“ 
5'' 58“ 
towards 
i 
i : 
E 
Depression of siui when star heliacal 
— 
10 ° 
south- 
i 
F 
E. A. 
511 5111 
14h 54 m 
western 
1 1 
G 
Approximate date—930 B.C., November 8 . 
axis. 
29.4.1901 
