MR. F. C. PENROSE ON THE ORIENTATION OF GREEK TEMPLES. 
391 
The same Temple. Elements calculated for a Line parallel to the Southern 
Face of the Door Jamh. 
Onenta- 
Ref. 
Details. 
Stellar 
Solar 
Name of 
tion angle. 
letter. 
elements. 
elements. 
star. 
A 
Amplitude of star or sun .... 
- r 44' E. 
- 12° 38' E. 
282° 38' 
B 
Corresponding altitude. 
3° 30' 
0 0 
C 
Declination. 
-3° 10' 
-10° 27' 
D 
Hour angles. 
Depression of sun when star heliacal 
5 h 34 m 
6 *' 39"' 
a. Librse ; 
E 
— 
14° 
risinff. 
F 
R. A. 
12'' 35"' 
13'' 40"' 
G 
Approximate date—580 B.C., October 19. 
Sijracuse. 
In the temple at Syracuse, vulgarly attributed to Diana, but really, as determined 
Ijy an inscription, sacred to Apollo, I found that both the architectural remains and 
the character of the inscription referred to, recpiired a much earlier date than I had 
previously derived from the orientation as measured along the axis."^"" I have, there¬ 
fore, changed the elements to those which are given by the northern limit of the 
eastern intercolumniation—an alternative not always possible, but not unfrequently 
found to be the only satisfactory one, having respect to the proper depression of 
the sun. 
Syracuse. Latitude 37° 3' 30". 
Name of temple. 
Orientation 
angle. 
Ref. 
letter. 
Stellar 
elements. 
Solar 
elements. 
Name of 
star. 
Temple of Apollo 
A 
+ 2° 30' E. 
+ 0° 7' 
(incorrectly 
271° 45'; 
B 
3° 0' 
0 0 
called Temple of 
the 
C 
+ 4° 0' 
+ 0° 6' 
Spica; 
Diana). 
northern 
1 ) 
5'' 56"' 
6 '' 50"' 
rising. 
limit of east 
E 
— 
10 ° 
opening 
F 
ID 6"' 
IP' 59'" 
■ 2G9° 53'. 
Gr 
700 B.C., September 21. 
The date so derived is 30 years subsequent to the Hellenic foundation of the city. 
This improved determination led to the examination of the elements of the Syracusan 
temple on the site of the present duomo, of which the architectural detail points out a 
date decidedly later than the Temple of Apollo; whereas the orientation datef 
already })ublished is nearly 100 years earlier than the ari’ival of tlie Greeks ; the 
‘Phil. Trans.,’ A, vol, 100 (1897), p. 59, 
t IbiiJ., p. 58. 
