BETWEEIf THE VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS AND THEIR CHEMICAL NATURE. 585 
Formula, 7; = C/(I + /3i( + yt~). 
P..ange. 
/3. 
7- 
Etliyl alcohol. 
0° to 78° 
•02086 
•0016782 
Propyl alcohol. 
0° to 98° 
•02495 
•0026818 
Butyl alcohol. 
0° to 52° 
•03054 
■0035650 
Isopropyl alcohol. 
0° to 40° 
•03503 
•0004898 
Isobutyl alcohol. 
0° to 38° 
•04008 
•0005861 
Inactive amyl alcohol. 
0° to 40° 
•03671 
•0005180 
Active amyl alcohol. 
0° to 35° 
•04308 
•0007159 
Tiimethyl carbinol. 
20° to 50° 
•I697I 
•0035257 
Dimethyl ethyl carbinol .... 
0° to 27° 
•06694 
■0015423 
From the above table it follows that, although the values of yS in the case of 
ethyl and propyl alcohols are somewhat less than those given by one or two of the 
liquids which had the largest values in the first table, yet in all cases the values 
of y are much larger than for any of the liquids previously discussed. Here we 
have the indication of the persistence of large temperature alterations at high 
temperatures, which brings about the long steep curves so characteristic of the 
alcohols. 
It is further evident from the table that the values of the coefficients of the normal 
alcohols increase with the rise in molecular weight and increase on passing to the 
corresponding iso-alcohol, and still further increase on passing to the corresponding 
tertiary alcohol. The largest values of all the temperature coefficients is possessed 
by tertiary butyl alcohol (trimethyl carbinol). 
It is also noteworthy that inactive amyl alcohol has smaller coefficients than 
isobutyl alcohol, and, further, that the large differences between the coefficients of 
active and inactive amyl alcohols point to the markedly different courses taken by the 
curves of these closely-related isomers over the low temperature ranges. 
The alcohols, like the acids, have much larger temperature coefficients, although 
smaller theoretical molecular weights than the corresponding iodides. This result is 
no doubt to be attributed to the presence of molecular aggregates in the liquid 
alcohols. It must be noted, however, that the behaviour of the alcohols differs from 
that of the acids, for, in the latter, the coefficients at first diminish in ascending the 
series of normal acids, and isobutyric acid has smaller coefficients than normal butyric 
acid; wdiereas, in the case of the alcohols, there is a persistent rise in the values of the 
coefficients as the series of normal alcohols is ascended, and isobutyl alcohol has larger 
mdcccxciv.—A. 4 F 
